2024-03-28T12:06:34Z
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/oai
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/3
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
Language Art
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Language Art; 21-36
A Phonemic Description of Prosodic Meters of Classical Persian Poetry Based on General Phonetics Theory
نورنمایی, مریم; M.A. General Linguistics, Shiraz University, Iran.
رحیمیان, جلال; استاد بخش زبانهای خارجی و زبانشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز
2016-10-17
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/3
Prosodic Quantities, Moras of Persian Language, the Vowels of Prosodic Poetry.
fa_IR
The aim of phonemic description of prosodic meters of classical Persian poetry was applying the theoretical framework of General Phonetics in: 1. Describing the prosodic meters, 2. Indicating the phonemic differences between prosodic poetry and Standard Persian language, 3. Investigating the changes of phonemes and syllabic patterns before and after applying prosodic meters on their syllabic segmentations. Therefore, some verses with prosodic meters have been selected randomly, and their syllabic segmentations have been indicated before and after applying prosodic meters on them. Regarding the structures of the syllabic patterns of Persian language, the results indicated clear differences in the syllabic patterns of prosodic meters of Persian poetry. 1. The number of prosodic quantities is lower than that of Standard Persian language considering type of meter, 2. the behaviors of vowels and consonants in prosodic poetry differ from the behaviors of vowels and consonants in Standard Persian language extensively; consonants can be solely presented as a prosodic quantity, and none of the Persian vowels have a fixed length in the context of prosodic poetry.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/4
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/4
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
Language Art
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Language Art; 103-122
Recourse of Syntax to Phonology
حنون, مبارک; Professor of Linguistics, Qatar University.
2016-10-17
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/4
Pause, Phonology, Syntactic Ambiguity, Syntactic Complexity, Morphological and Syntactic Categories, Intonation, Timing.
ar_IQ
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that pause as a prosodic (phonological) phenomenon, is not dependent on syntax, nor is it one of the byproducts thereof, as claimed in generative phonology. In order to argue for the recourse of syntax to the pause and reorganization of speech to be complete and significant, the author draws on a language heritage provided by grammarians, interpretation specialists and purists, on the one hand, and a linguistic heritage undermined by the predominant theories in the linguistic landscape. The paper focuses on two phenomena: the role of pause in disambiguating syntactic chunks, and as a catalyst for establishing syntactic structures. Prosodic phonological theory has been adopted in this regard, as it has been developed within the generative paradigm. The paper concludes that pause is a structuring and guiding component of speech. Hence, it is not a superficial phenomenon, rather a catalyst for establishing speech, on equal footing with syntax in this regard. The dominating status of syntax seems less valid, overshadowed by the synergy of the components of grammar (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics) to produce speech chunks that ensure and preserve communication.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
LA:Rev
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/6
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
Language Art
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Language Art; 81-102
Disclosures: A Report on the World Literature Association and the Institute for World Literature
امینیان طوسی, امیر; دانشجوی دکترای زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، پردیس دانشگاه شیراز
2016-10-17
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/6
Association, Literature, Globalization, Seminar, Interdisciplinary.
fa_IR
The current article is an attempt to cover conferences and discussions on redefining the meaning of literature, not only in its typical sense, but also in its broader sense. In fact, the text is trying to find the complicated meaning and relationships in literature in different societies, cultures, and aims to find similarities and common areas in this field. Literature in a sublime position is capable to influence on politics, economy and sociology, and it has a major and functional role other than intertextuality. The present report exemplifies some conferences by outlining their most important goals and tries to find an obvious guideline to research in today’s literature and its future.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/7
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/7
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
Language Art
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Language Art; 37-58
Aesthetics Review of Seyfe Farghani’s Lyrics
متحد, شیوا; PhD student at Persian Language and Literature Department of Shiraz University
2016-10-17
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/7
Seyfe Farghani, Aesthetics, Lyrics, Criticism, Poetry, Figure of Speech.
fa_IR
The aesthetics of Persian language is the analysis of poems' figures of speech. When we are analyzing the diction of Persian poems, we find similes, metaphors, allusions, synecdoches and symbols or when we are speaking of the secondary objective of the poet or even we talk about the prosodic meter of a poetry; all are aesthetic analysis of Persian language. Seyfe Farghani is one of the greatest poets in Persian language, but his coincide with the great, Saadi, and his immigration to Minor Asia, were the causes of his remaining unknown; he has been not known as he should be in spite of his wits and harmonious lyrics. Therefore, this research has analyzed the structural aesthetics of Seyfe Farghani’s lyrics, figures of speech and sensibility. This article also indicate the influence of Saadi Shirazi on this witty poet in 7 A.H.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/8
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/8
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
Language Art
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Language Art; 5-19
A Comparison of Sana’ani Accent to Eloquent Arabic
محمدبیگی, شاهرخ; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
محمدبیگی, مهدی; Ph.D. of Comparative Linguistics, Tajik National University.
2016-10-17
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/8
Arabic Language
Accent of Sana'a
Sana'ani
Morphology
Syntax
fa_IR
The purpose of this paper is to identify some phonetic characteristics of Sana’ani accent and to compare them with the Standard Arabic language. Sana'a dialect or accent Sana’aniye is the accent of Sana’a people, the capital city of Yemen. Perhaps by the influence of the accent of capital city on the other accents, this accent also is known as Yamani accent, too. Data were collected through methods informal interviews by students of Sana’a university and other native people of Sana’a as Yemen’s spokespersons, and direct observation, collective discussions, analyses of personal documents produced within the group, self-analysis and other methods of field research. And in this article authours’ focuse is on the phonetic changes in pronouns and verbs in this accent.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/9
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/9
2019-07-20T10:16:48Z
Language Art
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Language Art; 59-80
Study of narrative and non-narrative elements in sport newspaper discourse
احمدی کلاته احمد, زهرا; Ph.D. Linguistics, Lecturer at Farhangian University Shahid Hasheminejad Campus, Mashhad, Iran.
2016-10-17
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/9
Discourse, Semiotics, Semiotic Narrative, Semiotic Non-narrative.
fa_IR
This paper is concerned with discourse analysis about samples of sport texts in Iranian newspapers based on semiotics approach, its purpose is investigation about condition of meaning production according to narrative and non-narrative mechanisms in sport discourse. In this regard, it shows meaning and its process of production have mechanisms which aren’t equal in all discourses; and according to condition of discourse, can comply with features of narrative or non-narrative (tense-cognitive-emotive) systems. According to the subject of the paper and the chosen sport texts, application frequency of each discourse system will be found in these texts. Although sport discourses the same as other discourses benefit from interaction of different types of discourse systems that show sport events well and get remarkable results, but they are more based on narrative system to non-narrative system.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/10
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/10
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Language Art; 53-68
The Roles of Age and Gender in Applying Proverbs and Expressions in Daily Conversations of Shirazians
خاقانینژاد, محمدصابر; Assistant Professor of Foreign Languages and Linguistic Department,Shiraz University, Iran.
2017-01-18
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/10
Dialect, Proverb, Expression, Word Density, Expression Density, Middle-aged Group, Teenager Group.
fa_IR
Change and transformation are the basic characteristics of languages. Each community incorporates different generations with different ideologies toward life and obviously use different dialects. The difference in dialects among different generations in Iran is so drastic that it seems people speak different languages. This research has attempted to study the amount of applying proverbs and expressions in different age-groups of the society. Therefore, two groups of 24 respondents were randomly selected from both male and female as the statistical population so that investigating age and sex factors in the type and amount of applying proverbs and expressions in the daily conversations become possible. All participants were interviewed individually and their sentences were transcribed accurately. By counting the number of proverbs and expressions in the sentences of Middle-aged and teenager groups, and also by counting the male and female participants, and considering their Expression Density; i.e., the proportion of the number of proverbs and expressions to the total number of the words of each sentence, and by using the method of inferential non-parametric statistics, these results have been achieved: 1.The Middle-aged Group use more proverbs and expressions than teenagers. Perhaps, because they are more familiar with the culture and literature, and they are much more aware of the delicacies of language and literature. 2.Teenagers also use proverbs and expressions; however, these are of the type of words which were inserted suddenly into the lexicon of the society through printed matters or media and cyber networks. 3.Moreover, men totally use more proverbs and expressions than women in their daily conversations.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/13
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/13
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Language Art; 69-94
Constituent Order in Minimalist Syntax, Universals and Parameters. (VP-Specifier and VP-Complement Order)
بوزيان, رشيد; Professor of Linguistics, College of Arts and Sciences-Arabic Language Department, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
2017-01-18
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/13
Minimalist Program, Constituent Order, Lexical Differences, N-features, V-features, Functional Categories.
ar_IQ
Natural Languages adopt a variety of structural strategies and architectures in ordering syntactic constituents. We will try in this paper to explain how these strategies and architectures are explained within the Minimalist Program framework. According to this framework, the most significant parametric differences between natural languages in constituent word order are widely and strongly limited to lexical differences. They are specifically attributed to the N-features and V-features of lexical items that occupy the functional category nodes, basically elements belonging to the functional categories Agreement and Tense: “The N-features are those that are checked off against a DP in [Spec, AGRP] (or, potentially, [Spec, TP])”, and “the V-features are those that are checked off against a V that adjoins to a functional head”.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/14
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/14
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Language Art; 111-130
English Engagement Markers: A Comparison of Humanities and Science Journal Articles
صحراگرد, رحمان; Professor of Foreign Languages and Linguistic Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
یزدان پناهی, سولماز; MA in Teaching English as a Foreign Language,Shiraz University, Iran.
2017-01-18
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/14
Engagement Markers
Humanities
Science
Research Articles.
en_US
Engagement markers (hereafter, EMs) are crucial interpersonal devices to interact with readers through texts. However, little is known about the differences of EMs use in Humanities and Science journal research articles (hereafter, RAs), as well as the changes in markers use over the passage of time. The present study provides a quantitative and contrastive analysis based on two corpora consisting of four disciplines of Humanities RAs (Psychology, Sociology, Economics and Law) and four disciplines of science RAs (Mathematics, Geology, Physics and Biology). Sixteen articles from each discipline were selected randomly from a pool of journal RAs. All sections of the articles were scrutinized for the purpose of the study. The obtained results indicate that Humanities RAs make use of more EMs than Science RAs. Also, the findings of this study suggest that directives are used more than other markers both in Humanities and Science RAs. Regarding the use of EMs in the decades of 1990s and 2000s, a significant increase in the use of EMs was observed with the passage of time, both in Humanities and Science RAs.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/16
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/16
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Language Art; 5-32
Extensive Functions of the Conjunction "and" in Golestan-e Saadi
صیادکوه, اکبر; Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
رئیسی, آسیه; M.A. of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
2017-01-18
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/16
Saadi, Golestan, the Extensive Functions of Syntax and Eloquency, the Conjunction
fa_IR
One of the main categories of word is conjunctions which has a much more limited extension in relation to other categories. Most of Persian language grammarians divide this category into three groups: coordinating conjunctions, prepositions, and marks. The conjunction word "and" is one of the most important coordinating conjunctions in Persian and Arabic Languages that as a joint plays the role of a connection between the components of a sentence, and sometimes between several sentences. The ability of this word in accepting different meanings and functions provides an opportunity for Persian language speakers to enjoy this conjunction in different positions for a better embellishment of their speech and for avoidance of using repeated structures. Saadi Shirazi, who is one of the most fluent and eloquent speakers of Persian language, has enjoyed this potential in Persian language a lot. The authors of this article have attempted to study the extensive functions of this conjunction in Golestan-e Saadi. It should be noted that this conjunction has been totally used 2179 times according to the emendation of Golestan by Kazaeli, and has been categorized under 20 titles in this article. Some of the categorizations of "and" that have been realized by the authors of this paper in the text of Golestan have not been found in the previous grammatical resources, so they are the achievements of this research. This state that Saadi artistically allocated more aesthetic and emotional meanings to this word.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/17
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/17
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2017): Language Art; 47-64
The Study of Figures of Speech (Simile, Metaphor, Trope, and Metonymy) in Bundahishn
سهرابی, راضیه; Ph.D. Student in the Philosophy of Education, Shiraz University Iran.
مصلح, ملیحه; Ph.D. Student in the Persian Language and literature, Epic Poetry, Shiraz University, Iran.
صیادکوه, اکبر; Professor, Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
2017-08-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/17
Bundahishn, Figures of Speech, Simile, Metaphor, Metonymy.
fa_IR
This research aims at the study of figures of speech in Bundahishn. The research paradigm is of the qualitative type, and it is conducted using the content analysis method. The first hand source on which the research has been done is that of translated by Mehrdad Bahar to Contemporary Persian. The results of this research indicate that among the aforementioned figures of speech, simile has the highest frequency. And among different kinds of simile, sensuous simile has the highest frequency. After that comes sensuous-reasonable similes as more frequent which is used for making concepts more abstract.
It seems that simile is one of the most efficient and expressive devices which is used mostly for making educational, philosophical, and abstract concepts pertinent to Creation and other subjects more receivable and concrete. In between, there are some issues which are sensuous, but normally, they are too hard to be understood; however, simile has made them more illuminated. In this work, only one metaphor was found while there is no figures of speech such as metonymy and trope. Maybe, because metaphor, metonymy, and trope make an educational work more difficult and complicated rather than being effective and illuminating. It seems that in this work, the most useful and deliberate style for teaching educational concepts has been used.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/21
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/21
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Language Art; 33-52
Indication and Symbolic Language in Araesol-Bayan of Rouzbehan Baqli: Interpretation or Paraphrase?
محمدبیگی, شاهرخ; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
کمالی, ثمین; PhD Candidate of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
2017-01-18
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/21
Interpretation, Paraphrase, Rouzbahan Baqli, Araesol-Bayan, Mysticism, Kashfol-Asrar, Meybodi.
fa_IR
Since the beginning of Islam, Muslims have tried to achieve a deeper and more accurate understanding of God’s Word by the interpretation of Quran. During this period, various types of interpretations have been formed that one of them is mystical interpretation. Among those who have shown interest in this kind of interpretation, name of Rouzbehan Baqli, who has created significant works, is familiar and controversial. In this article, the main significant interpretation of him, Araesol-Bayan fi Haghayeghel-Quran, has been discussed in two parts; in the first part, independent articles which have been written about the interpretation of Rouzbehan have been presented and assessed. In the second part, by comparing interpretations of two verses of the Holy Quran from Araes and Kashfol-Asrar Meybodi, the performance of both authors, based on standards of writing mystical interpretation are measured. The results show that Araesol-Bayan is not a "mystical interpretation", and its writing quality is close to a special kind of "mystical paraphrase"; Rouzbehan, in this work, almost did not follow any regulations of writing a mystical interpretation; so the most successful researches in analyzing the effect of Rouzbehan are those whose analyses were based on the nature of the "mystical paraphrase" and "thought school of Rouzbehan". Thus in this paper, Araes has been studied from a scientific point of view.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/22
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/22
2019-07-20T10:16:35Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Language Art; 95-110
Models of Arabized and entered of the Persian Pahlavi and contemporary
محمد احمد, عبدالله; Associate Professor at the University of Khartoum
2017-01-18
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/22
Arabized, Alternator, Pahlavi, Contemporary, Persian Language.
ar_IQ
There is no doubt that the main function of language is communication. Perhaps communication between Arab and Persia was at the time of Tayy tribe which was famous in the Arab Island. Still Persians call every Arabic word Tazi which means Tayyi. This study is concerned with Arabized and entered Persian words, and analyzes the examples of each of them in the light of what mentioned by linguists and lexicographers who returned many of these words to their Persian roots in Pahlavi language that was prevalent in the era before Islam and early Islam. This study analyzes and compares these examples by referring to the comprehensive Persian dictionary; i. e., “Dehkhoda Dictionary”. Persian language influenced more on Arabic language and it was confined that the most Arabized words from Persian were in the fields of drinking wines, foods, clothes, plants, music, perfumes, etc. Persians owned a grand civilization and they cared about foods, drinks and clothing. This research aimed at interpreting these words in the light of Pahlavi and contemporary Persian languages to realize these varieties in these two languages.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/26
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
LA:Rev
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/26
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): Language Art; 79-90
Participatory Pedagogy: A Case Study of Learner Participation in Content Development
MBANEFO, Eugenia; Associate Professor of Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
2017-04-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/26
Participatory Learning
Curriculum
Content Development
en_US
This article is about an experiment in participatory pedagogy, in which the researcher involved 24 Nigerian University students of French in determining the content of a 6-week Grammar Course in French. The objective of the study was to ensure content relevance in content development in order to guarantee and sustain learners' interest in Grammar learning tasks. The content development exercises comprised 3 phases, namely the collation of raw data of students’ interest inventory, conducting the needs analysis of interesting areas and breaking these areas into teachable modules. The teachable modules that evolved out of the process of co-construction formed the basis for teaching that ensued. The modules are presented in this paper, while a later paper will be evaluated the students' performance at the end of the programme, thereby making a case for the adoption of learner participation in content development.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/32
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
LA:Rev
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/32
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): Language Art; 55-68
A review on gender linguistics studies
مرادی, روزبه; M.A. student of linguistics, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
2017-04-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/32
gender linguistic
applied linguistics
gender-related theories
language structures
language applications
fa_IR
Gender linguistics is a cynosure branch within the framework of language sociology and it deals with the effect that the gender, as a variable, has on the creation of lingual diversities. Because a great many of the social-cultural concepts, including gender, are multifaceted, one-dimensional and absolute perceptions of such concepts lead to some sort of superficiality, particularly in research areas. The present article, firstly, deals with the presentation of the notions opined by two prominent figures of the field, namely Robin Lakoff, 1975 and Deborah Tannen, 1990. Then, it is attempted, through a probe into the most recent studies carried out in the years from 2008 to 2016, to elaborate more on this study field. The results of the study are indicative of the idea that the applied linguistics researchers are more interested, than the others, in the survey of the gender effect and role in language and this effect has been, especially, evaluated regarding the second language learning but this field of study is found with numerous shortcomings the most important of which is the negligence of the propounded gender-related theories.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/34
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/34
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2017): Language Art; 5-20
Literary Interpretation from Linguistics Perspective: Applying Semantic and Structural Approaches in Analyzing English and Persian Literary Works
خاقانی نژاد, محمد صابر; Assistant Professor of Foreign Languages and Linguistics Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
2017-08-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/34
Semantic Method of Literary Analysis, Structural Method of Literary Analysis, Literary Senses, Contemporary Literary Criticism.
fa_IR
During previous decades, choosing the best method for literary criticism so that it would not taint the meaning of works has been attracted the attention of critics all around the world. Applying linguistic-based methods, as contemporary literary criticism methods, help critics to inform readers of literary and lingual senses while being committed to the text. This article has attempted to study and evaluate the ways of applying semantic and structural methods in presenting right literary analysis. Since the application of these methods is not language specific literally nor lingual, some practical examples of applying these methods are presented for studying and criticizing samples of English and Persian literatures.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/35
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/35
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): Language Art; 91-105
The Role of Metaphor and Metonymy in the Semantics of Persian Adjectival Preverbs: A Cognitive Linguistics Approach
مولودی, امیرسعید; Assistant Professor of Foreign Languages and Linguistics Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
کوهستانی, منوچهر; PhD Graduate of linguistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2017-04-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/35
Adjectival Preverbs
Conceptual Metaphor Theory
Metonymy.
en_US
In this paper, a semantic classification for Persian adjectival preverbs based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory is presented: adjectival preverbs that demonstrate metaphorical shift and adjectival preverbs which lack metaphorical shift. The metaphors involved in the first subclass of adjectival preverbs are motivated by a certain type of conceptual metonymy known as “Effect for Cause”. The second subclass covers preverbs whose combinations with the light verb does not show any metaphorical shift. Having detected two mentioned cognitive processes in the formation of the semantics of the complex predicates containing the first subclass of preverbs, the compositional nature of the semantics of the predicates was realized and two new meanings for “kærdæn” (to do) as a light verb in Persian complex predicates were proposed: to become and to make oneself. Another finding of this paper is the introduction of “/pejda kærd/” as the first two-word light verb of Persian.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/36
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/36
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): Language Art; 5-26
The Effectiveness of Strategic Activities on the Conversational Skills A Case Study: Persian Language Learners Abroad
ابوالحسنیچیمه, زهرا; Assistant Professor of Linguistics Department, Member of the Organization for Researching and Composing University Textbooks in Humanities (SAMT), IRI
2017-04-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/36
Activity, Strategy, Language Learner, Persian Language, Conversational Skill.
fa_IR
This paper investigates the effectiveness of those activities which are based on all types of strategies for teaching conversational skills. These strategies are practiced in the form of 17 activities and their effectiveness on the oral language performane of Persian learners has been investigated. The second language learning strategies in this research are dependent on two Kuhn's paradigms and include "learning" and "using" second language. The former consists of recognition and acceptance of materials, distinction from other materials, categorizing them for a better learning, constant involvement with materials, using common memorization methods for rehearsal to improve natural conversation learning. The teacher's Linguistics and Iranology knowledge in choosing teaching materials, producing similarities and differences in two languages, lexical and syntactic categorizations of activities based on the first to the third strategies were implemented in the classroom. Informal gatherings, appropriate assignments of certain tasks like memorizing the dialogues or proverbs were practiced for the fourth and the fifth strategies. These strategies were applied on 19 undergaduate intermediate Persian language learners, with Slav mother tongue in 5 successive semesters from 2011 to 2013. In this research, it was affirmed that there is a positive correlation between using strategic activities with the improvement of converational skill of language learners. That is, the more learners are active in the activities related to strategies, the better they become in the conversational skill.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/37
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/37
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): Language Art; 27-54
Studying the Quality of Colloquial Infinitives in Moin Persian Dictionary
شکوهی, پریسا; MA of Persian language and Literature, Islamic Azad university (branch Fasa), Iran.
2017-04-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/37
Colloquial Infinitives, Moin Persian Dictionary, the Grammar of Persian Language.
fa_IR
Mohammad Moin has been considered as one of the most committed literary men of the present time who recorded a considerable amount of Persian words, expressions, and declarations in his own 6 volumes Persian dictionary according to scientific research methods and in a different way in comparison to the previous dictionaries. This article argues the quality of colloquial infinitives which have been recorded in Moin Persian Dictionary. The most important obstacles in all researches related to literature and colloquial language is the recognition criterion of "being colloquial". In this article, the recognition criterion is that of Moin's criterion who was a great master in this field. In the other words, any infinitives in front of which he put the abbreviation "Ɂam", have been extracted and at the next stage, according to the syntactic resources, have been divided into 8 categories. Finally, the examples of each category have been presented through tables.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/38
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/38
2019-07-20T10:16:22Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): Language Art; 78-69
The Victory for the Coordination Office of Arabization
عامر, سعيد; Ph.D. Candidate of Language Sciences, University of Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria.
2017-04-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/38
Language Barriers, Arabization Coordination Office, Terminology, Multiplicity of Terminology.
ar_IQ
This article tries to examine the descriptive method of reviewing the terms that express the phenomenon of language prohibition, showing their convergence and differences with the concept of prohibited language, adopted by the Arabization Coordination Office in Rabat. This step, however, was followed by a critique of those competing terms adopted by this linguistics institution, since they do not accurately refer to the phenomenon of language prohibition. Therefore, the aim of this proposal is to try to convince the Arabic linguists to move away from all that constitutes the crisis of multi-terminology. Accordingly, the objective of this proposal is to try to convince Lingual Arab to stay away from everything that constitutes a plurality terminological crisis by calling for the adoption of standardized terminology issued by the Arabization Coordination Office format, as it is well thought out terms, it refers precisely to the crossing concepts of them, and like us for this in this article, the term prohibited language; as a term proposed by the Bureau, conceptually available all references to the phenomenon of linguistic prohibition; this phenomenon, which imposes on the linguistic group to avoid the use of certain words embarrassing or scary, and replacing it with another, its behalf, and perform the same meaning in a way less embarrassing and intimidating.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/40
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/40
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2017): Language Art; 33-46
The Manifestation of Quranic Language in the Versification of Saib Tabrizi
وحیدی, احمدنور; The Faculty Member of Higher Educational Complex of Saravan, Iran.
2017-08-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/40
Saib's Divān, Quran's Language, Quranic Concepts, Allusion, Influence.
fa_IR
During the history of Persian Literature and Poetry, few poets have not used the endless ocean of religious and Quranic knowledge and concepts in their poems. Because most of the poets were familiar with Quran, Tradition, and the Household, they have enjoyed these concepts in their poems in different ways. Saib Tabrizi was one of these poets who were under the influence of Quran's language in his poems, so he used ethical and Quranic concepts in various manners within the contents of his poems. These concepts include Monotheism, Theology, the Heavens, Resurrection, the Stories of Prophets, Ethics, etc. and sometimes, he used allusion and sometimes he brought a verse or a part of a verse within the content of his poems. The aim of this article is to study how Quran has influenced Saib. The method of the research is descriptive analytical and it is library-based.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/41
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/41
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2017): Language Art; 83-110
The Terminology of “Al-siaq” in the Old and Modern Arabic Linguistic Studies
نظری, یوسف; Assistant Professor of Arabic language and literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.عضو هيات علمی دانشگاه شيراز
2017-08-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/41
Terminology, Al-siaq, Linguistic Context, Non-linguistic Context.
ar_IQ
A challenge of modern studies is terms. On one hand, terms have different implications in different sciences and on the other hand, authors usually use a specific term for different implications. Thus, the variety of terms is due to various issues. Sometimes, despite the existence of common terms, authors and translators establiesh new terms, and sometimes, while neglecting the semantic delicacy of each term, they are used in a quite different sense. One of these terms is “Al-siaq”. This term has an entirely different implications in the old Arabic linguistic studies in comparison with its implications in modern studies. In the old studies, this term has just been used for linguistic context by different authors; however, there were some other common terms such as Al-hal, Al-hal al-moshahedeh, Maqam, and Siaq al-qesse among old linguists for non-linguistic context. But, in modern studies, the term “siaq” has been applied for linguistic context, non-linguistic context, and context in general, whether linguistic or non-linguistic, as numerous terms have been established for each of these categories. This issue has made the understanding of the ultimate meaning much complicated.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/42
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/42
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2017): Language Art; 21-32
Linguistic Geometry of Surat Al-Hamd
محمدبیگی, شاهرخ; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, IRI
حسینی, سید محمدهادی; PhD Candidate of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
2017-08-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/42
Surat Al–Hamd, Linguistic Geometry, Gratitude, Praise, Prayer.
fa_IR
Discussion on the linguistic structure of Surat Al-Hamd rather than being the extensive interpretation issues which are highlighted in the history of religious culture, presents a methodological inquiry with new approaches to the field of Language and Literature. The origin of this method is that of which that selects brevity instead of detail, and instead of subjective and abstract structures, discloses a sensual and objective geometry; i.e., the basis of this article has been derived from a plan for three areas of gratitude, praise and prayer, which is definitely learnable and spectacular in the linguistic structure of Surat Al-Hamd. Certainly, by clarifying the linguistic structure of Surat Al-Hamd, the reasons for the supremacy and conspicuousness of this Surat, and its base in the religious discourse and its incomparable role in devotions and prayers become more apparent. The first manifestation of this linguistic geometry is in the verse of Tasmiyat or Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim, in which God's gratitude with praise are intertwined to direct the speech and behavior of believers. Six parts of this essay are all about three sides of semantic and linguistic context of Surat Al-Hamd, which are arranged one by one in the framework of resources of the language of mysticism and the mysticism of the language, and it places the literary researchers as its audience.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/44
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/44
2019-07-20T10:16:07Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2017): Language Art; 65-82
Self-imagination/Add Imagination on Personal Experiences: Wacini Laredj’s Dakira El-Ma (Water’s Memory Model)
لعوج, حسينة; University of Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria.
2017-08-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/44
Self-imagination, Autobiographical Novel, Autobiography, Game of Pronouns, Imaginary Description, Monologue, Dialogue Techniques, Aesthetics.
ar_IQ
The autobiographical novel differs from the real autobiography since the latter relies on personal and real facts of the writing ego, and the writer is not allowed to say or talk of something that is not related to him. The writer includes his personal experience in the writing according to the conditions set by Philippe Lejeune. Whereas the autobiographical novel belongs to the novelistic genre in which the writer has recourse in the first place to the element of imagination in his artistic work, taking advantage of the factors and techniques which make his novel a higher artistic work since it provides aesthetics. The proof is that the autobiographical novel is given the term “Self-imagination” at present because of its propensity for imagination in describing real facts that the writer reports reality to others with his creative composition
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/45
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/45
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2017): Language Art; 7-40
A Corpus-based Approach to Cognitive Metaphors in Persian: The Study of Fear Target Domain
مولودی, امیرسعید; Assistant Professor of Foreign Languages and Linguistics Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
کریمیدوستان, غلامحسین; Professor of General Linguistics Department, Tehran University, Iran.
2017-11-24
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/45
Conceptual Theory of Metaphor, Fear Target Domain, Corpus-based Method, Productivity.
fa_IR
The present research investigates the metaphorical conceptualization of fear target domain in Persian based on Conceptual Theory of Metaphor. For the mentioned purpose, the Corpus-based method of Metaphorical Pattern Analysis is applied to Hamshahri Corpus 2 and after data analysis, 39 source domains are identified for the fear target domain. One of the results of this research is determining the productivity of all the source domains based on their frequency of occurrences in the corpus. Also, after comparing the results of the present research with those of ones in which collecting data for fear domain has been done by traditional methods, the superiority of the Corpus-based method of the present research is approved. Another significant finding of the present research is the identification of prototypical and non-prototypical models of the fear target domain in Persian.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/46
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/46
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2017): Language Art; 103-116
A Contrastive Analysis of Idioms and Idiomatic Expressions in Three English and Persian Novels for Translation Purposes
احمدی, محمد; Lecturer, Department of English Translation, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2017-11-24
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/46
Idioms
Idiomatic Expressions
Paraphrase
Translation.
en_US
The significance of idioms and idiomatic expressions in English can be understood from their appearance in all types of discourse ranging from every day conversations to scientific texts. So, the present study deals with the translation of idioms and idiomatic expressions from English into Persian focusing on the procedures involved. Baker's model (1992) which groups possible procedures into four strategies was chosen as the theoretical framework of this research. This study is an attempt to investigate strategies used in translating and also to find out which strategy is mostly used. To do so, a total number of 90 idioms and idiomatic expressions were extracted from three English novels. This study was carried out through a comparative study of idioms and idiomatic expressions from English into Persian. The findings of the research indicated that four strategies were used in translating idioms and idiomatic expressions and their frequency of being used is different and also it was revealed that most of the data were translated by paraphrase.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/47
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/47
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2017): Language Art; 61-78
The Art of Language in Teaching Theoretical Basics of Education (A Case Study: Russian Literature)
معتمدنیا, معصومه; Assistant Professor of Russian Language and Literature Department, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2017-11-24
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/47
Education, Educational Linguistics, Russia, Foreign Language.
fa_IR
The nature of teaching foreign language literature, especially the Russian literature which is formed by a great wealth of Russian culture based on the learning of the stable communication principles, so providing its facilities is charged on the foreign language departments of universities. This communicational method is of high importance because it is a good way for students to become acquainted with the spiritual and cultural values of the other nations and the mutual understanding between people. Literature, in any forms and shapes, reflects the life and expresses the values, criteria and characteristics affecting the individual and collective life. Literary works occasionally connect to life from the ethnic and national perspectives, and sometimes from the viewpoint of sensation and emotion, and at times, through rationality and morality, it guides and instructs its audiences. The use of literature in enhancing reading skills and the way it is used to create mental peace as well as its use as a means of gaining new experiences are the strategies which have been investigated in this article. The use of language and literature in the formation of educational beliefs in individuals constitutes the final section of this study.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/49
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/49
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2017): Language Art; 117-128
Persian Words Used in Kazi Nazrul Islam's Poetry
Al Rashid, Md. Mumit; Assistant Professor, Dept. of Persian Language & Literature, University ofDhaka, Bangladesh.
Binte Nur, Tanjina; M.Phil student, 2nd Part Dept. of Persian Language & Literature, University ofDhaka, Bangladesh.
2017-11-24
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/49
Kazi Nazrul Islam
Persian Words
Shat-il-Arab
Moharram
Kamal Pasha
Korbani and the 12th Fateha.
en_US
Kazi Nazrul Islam, the national poet of Bangladesh, popularly known as Nazrul-the rebel poet, is undoubtedly one who may rightly be called as one of the greatest “poets of people” of the world. He was the first poet in Bengali literature that used extensive Arabic and Persian words to express his views and to create a Muslim renaissance within the whole Bengali nation. He was a multi-lingual poet. That’s why we see huge Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Sanskrit and Urdu words, even sentences in almost everywhere of his literature. This article is about the Persian words that Nazrul had used in his poetry. Though the majority of his poems consists of more or less Persian words, in this article, we discussed five of his poems named Shat-il-Arab, Moharram, Kamal Pasha, Qorbani and the 12th Fateha that has most Persian words comparatively.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/52
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/52
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2017): Language Art; 41-60
Mystical Language and Dedications according to the Hadith “law lāka lamā xalaqtol aflāk”
محمدبیگی, شاهرخ; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University
نریمان, سیاوش; Assistant Professor of Islamic Azad University (Dehdasht)
2017-11-24
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/52
Interpretation and Paraphrase, the Celestial Hadith, the Great Mohammed (PBUH), Mysticism.
fa_IR
Mystics have used the concepts of Quranic Verses as well as the Celestial Hadiths and Prophet's traditions remarkably to state their elegant and revelatory attitudes. Through this, they have not only made their theories holy, but also cited verses and traditions to prove their claims. Those who are making spiritual progress have gone beyond the apparent meaning of the traditions, and attempted to explore the concealed meaning of traditions, their internal paraphrase and justification. One of these traditions which have received much attention from the wise people is the Celestial Hadith of “law lāka lamā xalaqtol aflāk” (God Told: O' Mohammed, I created the world for the sake of you). This divine word has become the wealth of the fascinated and wayfarers that each of them considered it based on their own taste and inclination. The essence of the attitudes of mystics reveals the fact that the final goal of creation is the character of Mohammed (Peace Be Upon Him) and His abluent Family, who are the best reflection of God's Names and Properties. In this dispute, this Celestial Hadith has been examined and investigated in terms of documentation, difference in terminology, the reason of relationship among the creation of the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), the Worlds of Existence, and the position of the Prophet (PBUH) in this world and the Eternity.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/53
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/53
2019-07-20T10:15:52Z
Language Art
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2017): Language Art; 79-102
Method and Madness: An Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe's “The Bells”
Engemann, U. Marie; Ph.D. Candidate in Linguistics, Heinrich-Heine University of Dusseldorf, Germany.
نورنمایی, مریم; M.A. General Linguistics, Shiraz University, Iran.
2017-11-24
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/53
Trochaic Meter, Rhyme, Parallelism, Assonance, Consonance, Catalexis.
fa_IR
In this article, U. Marie Engemann has tried to indicate the method and internal cohesion of “The Bells”: a poem by Edgar Allan Poe, regardless of its apparent madness. This poem consists of four stanzas each of which is a symbol of a stage in the human's life for which a specific bell has been dedicated to. This poem follows trochaic meter in which the poet ingeniously has used catalexis in order to imitate the chime of bells. Throughout the poem, he has used different sound devices such as rhyme, sound patterning, alliteration, and onomatopoeia to create parallelism, and accordingly, he has conformed the chime of the bells to the dominant feature of each stage of life; thus, a meaningful cohesion has been created. This article can show how a poet may use different sound devices of his own language to create a parallelism between sound symbolism and meaning. The structure of the article has been changed a little by inserting the figures and the tables in the appendices into its straight text in translation so that it becomes easier for the readers to make a link between discussions and the data presented in each figure or table.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/57
2019-09-04T13:45:48Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/57
2019-09-04T13:45:48Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): Language Art; 27-40
Eco-criticism and Italo Calvino: A Literature Which Serves the Environment
عسگری, فاطمه; Assistant Professor of Italian Language and Literature Department, University of Tehran, Iran.
2018-02-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/57
Eco-criticism, the Department of Literature and Environment, Culture in Favor of Environment, Italo Calvino, Contemporary Italian Literature.
fa_IR
Eco-criticism, a branch of modern literary criticism, nowadays everywhere in the world, from West to East, and in the form of a cultural and moral flow, through literature announces its message as an alarm, a concern for the environment. Among the writers of contemporary Italian Literature, Italo Calvino is the first ecologic story-teller, who beyond his short stories reveals the emergency situation of urban ecosystem. The first character of his stories, condemned to live in industrial cities, is looking at nature disappearing in his smoky hands. The present article, through the content analysis of some of these works, points out to the important role of Literature which serves in the cultivation for preserving the environment and awakening the minds of humen against a serious danger that threatens their lives.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/59
2019-09-04T13:44:01Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/59
2019-09-04T13:44:01Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): Language Art; 7-26
The Criticism, Analysis, and Comparison of Classic Metaphors with Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphors
مختاری, مسروره; Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran.
صلاحی, اکبر; Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran.
فتحی, کامبیز; Ph. D. Candidate of Persian Language and Literature Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran.
2018-02-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/59
Eloquency Criticism, Metaphor, Conceptual Metaphors, Cognitive Linguistics, Lakoff and Johnson.
fa_IR
In recent years, metaphor has attracted the attention of scholars and poets as well as readers of literary passages because of including features like exaggeration, brevity, and artistic and literary beauty creations. According to the linguists, majorities of language materials as well as the most complicated scientific theories are understood by metaphor. Since several studies are done and published with the application of Lakoff and Johnson theory, there is a question concerning the similarities in two different attitudes in two languages and literary domains that they accorded and conceptualized. After the case study and library study about classic metaphor in old books and the content analysis and its comparison with metaphor with its new concept, the present study concluded that despite the existing similarities and differences, theory of cognitive linguists is relatively exaggerated and in most of cases, many suggested issues in contemporary theory is the same as concepts of classic eloquence theory which have been raised with different titles. Also, in spite of benefits, the contemporary theories left some issues related to classic metaphors unanswered and is not responsive to some eloquence questions considering the society’s language and literary demands.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/60
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/60
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018): Language Art; 45-60
Conceptual Metaphors of FEAR in Persian and English: A Cognitive and Corpus-based Approach
Afrashi, Azita; Associate Professor of Linguistics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
Ghouchani, Bita; M.A in General Linguistics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2018-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/60
Cognitive Semantics, Conceptual Metaphor, Emotions, Corpus Method, Fear.
en_US
This paper attempts to investigate and compare the conceptual metaphors of FEAR in Persian and English. FEAR is one of the basic emotions, conceptualization of which shows both similarities and variations in different languages. Investigating features of conceptualization is an essential part of the semantics of emotions. The cross-linguistic analysis of the concept of FEAR is based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory put forward by Lakoff (1987) and the extensions of this theory provided by Kövecses (2002). We have attempted to compare and contrast FEAR metaphors and elaborate on some cultural and language-specific aspects in the two languages. We adopted a corpus-based method to gather the metaphorical expressions and then to extract the name of the mappings. We compared and contrasted these name of the mappings, and identified the commonalities and differences. Certain source domain concepts such as human, motion verbs, animals, and colors were explained in detail.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/63
2019-09-04T13:49:32Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/63
2019-09-04T13:49:32Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): Language Art; 61-84
Tense, Agreement and Word Order Variations in Natural Languages. A Minimalist Approach (Towards a Unified Theory for word order variations)
بوزیان, رشید; Professor of Linguistics, College of Arts and Sciences-Arabic, Language Department, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
2018-02-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/63
Tense, Agreement, Functional Categories, Strong features, Weak Features, Generative Syntax, Minimalist Program.
ar_IQ
This paper sets out to re-examine the justification for assuming in MP (the Minimalist Program ) that Features of the functional categories are said to be either strong or weak with respect to their visibility at the interface. Strong AGR features are visible at PF if they are not checked off before the interface. Weak features are not visible at PF. By examining this hypothesis, I clarify the process by which the V-features of Tense and/or Agreement in verb-initial languages such as Arabic, Irish and other similar languages might be strong, and there are solid and reliable evidence that leads to believe that Verbs in these languages are forced to raise from the Verb Projection prior to spell-out generating V.S.O Word Order Paradigm. Regarding the subject and Complements of verbs in these languages (Verb-Initial L) , it is strongly believed, based on a variety of empirical evidence, that they remain in their original position within the V-Projection domain until after spell out when the N- features on functional heads are weak.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/66
2019-09-04T13:51:00Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/66
2019-09-04T13:51:00Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): Language Art; 85-96
Multilinguals’ Choice of Language with Families, Friends and Acquaintances during Online and Offline Interaction
Lasekan, Olusiji; Ph.D. in English Linguistics, Lecturer at Universidad de La Frontera, Araucanea, Chile.
2018-02-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/66
Multilingual
India
Facebook
Language
Family
Friend
Acquaintance.
en_US
The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the choice of language used in an online platform (Facebook) and during offline communication with reference to a family member, a friend and an acquaintance in the same multilingual speech community. As part of this study, a structured sociolinguistics questionnaire was administered to 38 multilingual postgraduate students. This is followed by interviewing selected focus group to elicit more information on various factors that influence their language behavior. The major finding of this study is that apart from family circle, a majority of multilingual users in India prefer to use English for Facebook private communications only among friends and acquaintances while Mother tongue is the dominant language use for offline communications.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/67
2019-09-04T13:53:03Z
LA:Rev
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/67
2019-09-04T13:53:03Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): Language Art; 97-105
The Ancient Persian “Engraving” by V. Bryusov: The Ekphrasis “The Lioness among the Ruins”
Dyachenko, Tatiana Anatolievna; Lecturer, Department of Humanitarian Disciplines, Astrakhan State Conservatory; Ph. D. Student, Department of Literature, Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, the Russian Federation.
2018-02-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/67
Ekphrasis
Oriental Architecture
Engraving
Verbalization of Architecture
Image.
ru_RU
This article is devoted to the genre of the architectural ekphrasis in the poetry by V. Bryusov. The article describes the main ways to create “engraving” of the literary work of “The Lioness among the Ruins”. Much attention is given to the verbalization of the oriental architecture (in particular the ancient Persian architecture) in the ekphrasis and the poetry rapprochement of the ancestor of Russian symbolism V. Bryusov with acmeism poetry especially the “architectural” literary works by O. Mandelstam. The article is of interest to post-graduate students, degree-seeking students, and can be used in writing thesis and term paper.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/69
2019-09-04T13:47:48Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/69
2019-09-04T13:47:48Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): Language Art; 41-60
The Capacities of Syncretism of the Word in Nominative Case in Russian Language and Comparing It with Persian
شفقی, مریم; Assistant Professor of Russian Language and Literature Department, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Iran.
2018-02-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/69
Syncretism, Contention, Nominative, One-member Sentences, Adjective in Normative Case, Russian Language, Persian Language.
fa_IR
Syncretism is the syntactic property of a member of the sentence that expresses more than one syntactic meaning all at once. The Syncretic nominative refers to one-member sentences in which the nominative is also the predicate at the same time. Furthermore, some adjectives, comparatives, and participles in Russian and Persian language are widely used as nouns and nominatives. Iranian grammarians discuss the syntactic properties in terms of nominal sentences (semi-sentences). Nominal sentences do not have verbs and, unlike one-member sentences, may comprise more than one member. One-member sentences are usually exclamatory syntactic structures with a special intonation. They are divided into two main groups based on their being voluntary or involuntary. Involuntary one-member sentences are used to warn the addressee about an immediate danger, attract his/her attention, or ask him/her to be careful, such as: Пожар! /pazhar/ (Fire!) or in Persian: ɂātiʃ!. Voluntary one-member sentences are used as a demanding action, such as Тишина! /tišina/ (Silence!) or in Persian: sāket!
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/70
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/70
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018): Language Art; 77-96
On the Cause of the Asymmetric Distribution between Scrambling and Postposing in Japanese
Imamura, Satoshi; University of OxfordUtsunomiya Kyowa UniversityDepartments: Faculty of Children's Life Subjects: Department of Children's lifeRank: Junior Associate Professor
2018-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/70
Scrambling
Postposing
Discourse Analysis
Japanese
Givōnian approach
en_US
Japanese exhibits a large degree of flexibility in terms of word order. Thus, not only SOV but also OSV (scrambling) and SVO (postposing) are grammatical. In terms of discourse function, there are some similarities between scrambling and (non-pause type) postposing. According to Author (2017) and Shimojo (2005), scrambled objects and postposed elements are anaphorically salient but cataphorically non-salient. Yet, Shimojo (2005: 202) observed no example with a postposed object. In order to explain this tendency, I propose that scrambling is not as costly as postposing due to the following two reasons. First, scrambling follows given-new-ordering whereas postposing does not. Second, rightward movements are more costly than leftward movements in Japanese (Fukui: 1993). Therefore, postposing is expected to be selected when scrambling cannot be chosen. As scrambling can be used for the object but not for the subject in SOV, postposing is dominantly utilized for subjects.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/73
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/73
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018): Language Art; 61-76
The Amount of Job Satisfaction among EFL Teachers in Iran A Comparison of Gender Groups, Academic Degree, and Major
Hashempour, Zahra; Department of English Language, Genaveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Genaveh, Iran
2018-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/73
Academic Degree
Major
Gender
Iranian English Teachers
Job Satisfaction.
en_US
A lot of studies have been done in the developed countries due to the importance of job satisfaction; however, only a limited number of studies have been conducted on English teachers' job satisfaction in Iran. Therefore, this study has been designed to recognize the amount of job satisfaction among Iranian EFL teachers regarding their gender, academic degree, and major. To do this end, both qualitative and quantitative research methods, a questionnaire, and a structured interview were utilized. To collect data, a validated questionnaire which was developed by Karavas (2010) administered to a sample of 53 males and females English teachers, teaching in different institutes, at private schools, and at universities in Genaveh Port, Bushehr Province. After gathering the questionnaires, all of the teachers were interviewed. The study findings provided the evidence that females were more satisfied than males. Moreover, the results indicated that the participants with BA/BSc significantly had higher job satisfaction than the participants with MA/MSc degree. But the comparison between the other groups did not reveal any significant difference. Furthermore, the findings clearly demonstrated that there is no significant difference between teachers' job satisfaction and their major. The results of the interview revealed that Iranian EFL teachers satisfied with their jobs because they like teaching, and the most important reason of all teachers' job dissatisfaction is their low salary.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/74
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/74
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018): Language Art; 29-44
The Role of Positive and Negative Aspects of E-Technology on Learning and Teaching English in the Industrial Society of Iran
Eslami, Mehrnoosh; Instructor at University of Applied Science and Technology, Shiraz News Department, Shiraz, Iran
Rasouli, Fatemeh; Student of University of Applied Science and Technology, Shiraz News Department, Shiraz, Iran.
Shaker, Mahmoud; Dean of University of Applied Science and Technology, Shiraz News Department, Shiraz, Iran.
Fazeli, Seyyed Fazel; M.A. in Teaching English Translator and Editor, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2018-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/74
E-technology, Education, Learning English.
fa_IR
Based on the widespread development in information and communication technologies, the emergence of a new type of learning called e-learning is provided. Electronic learning is the provision and use of distributed electronic media knowledge based on information technology such as television, smartphones, social media and a variety of communication networks like satellite and computer networks. In the present study, both field study and search in library sources have been used, and the results gained out of past researches, the research data were collected and it was conducted through survey and experiment, with the aim of comparing the use of e-learning technology and the traditional method in teaching English to employees of Fars Combined Cycle Power Plant. Considering the results of the study, the positive and negative effects of E-Technology were studied and it was observed that the process of using social media and sending messages through Telegram to teach specialized English words in Fars CCGT Power Plant employees was satisfactory and the efficiency of training them through this way has been calculated as above 90%.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/75
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/75
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018): Language Art; 97-108
The Category of Deixis in the Verbal Interaction of Belarusian and English Speakers
Artsiomava, Olga; Ph.D. Candidate of Philology, Minsk State Linguistic University, Minsk, the Republic of Belarus.
2018-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/75
Deixis
Macro-intention
Communicative Tactics and Strategies
Speech act
Maxims.
en_US
The article deals with Belarusian and English deictic markers and their role in verbal communication of native speakers in line with the pragmatic approach to language as a theory of speech influence for achieving communicators’ goals. Being a universal lingua-pragmatic category, deixis not only forms the propositional frame of an utterance with the indication to the place, time and communicators, but also marks their goals in communication as a strategic process aimed at achieving participants’ aims (macro-intentions) through the strategies of confrontation, negative politeness, and cooperation. The strategy is implemented through one or a number of tactics, which possess a dynamic character and make the strategy flexible. Speech tactics are predetermined by local aims (micro-intentions), and represent one of the tasks carried out consistently within a certain strategic line.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/76
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/76
2019-07-20T10:15:29Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018): Language Art; 7-28
Language of Love in the Persian Literature
Saberi, Ali; PhD Candidate of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
Mohammad Beigi, Shahrokh; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University
2018-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/76
Love, Mysticism, Mystical Literature, Mawlavi, Hafez.
fa_IR
Love in an eternal and endless endowment that Omnipotence has placed it in all creatures and phenomena. The existence and survival of creatures is made possible through love. So, the universe has no prosperity without love. The written works on love has a long history to the extent that the first signs of lyrics in the Persian Literature have been observed in the works of poets and mystics of the Third and Fourth centuries AH such as Rudaki and Bayazid Bastami. Regarding the semantic extent of the word “love” and its generality among all nations of the world, different nations with various cultures have described and defined love while considering it to be admirable and sacred. In the Islamic Mysticism and Sufism, this word has a special savor, for always and ever has been accounted holy and applauded. In this paper, we describe and define this extensive and indiscreet word, study it from different aspects, and answer to some questions related to it like the nature of love, its origin in the Persian Literature, its appearance in the Mystical Literature, also we mention the comments of some great scholars of Islamic Sufism in this regard.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/77
2020-07-07T09:55:59Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/77
2020-07-07T09:55:59Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2018): Language Art; 7-22
Dasien Existentialist Features in Premises of the Ruins of the Suspended Odes
Mirghaderi, Seyyed Fazlollah; Professor, Arabic Language and Literature, Shiraz University.
Zafarabadi, Hanieh; Ph.D. Candidate of Arabic Language and Literature, Shiraz University
2018-08-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/77
Existentialism, the Premise of Al-Atlal, Heidegger, Possibility, Apocryphal, Collapse.
fa_IR
Existentialism is one of the schools of thought in the history of philosophy which is discussing the humane existence and its importance against the subject existence in the nature. Martin Heidegger is a pioneer of this tradition who began the discussion on existence through studying human existence or Dasien, as the only creature asks about existence. Heidegger believes that what helps human to a better comprehension of Dasien existence is that his attitudes establish on the base of a formation of existence; i.e., being-in-itself. To achieve this pure existence, Heidegger reverts to human existence (Dasien) or to his being-in-itself and explains three special features of human including passiveness or possibility, collapse or apocryphal which relate human to existence and so he has named these features existential. Existentialism has a long deep relationship whit Arab literature, and in this article, the premise of the Al-Atlal has been taken into consideration as one of the most basic subjects in Arab literature in connection with this school of thought. The Researcher tries to specify Existentialism features in the premise of the Al-Atlal of the Suspended Odes in barbarism period. Finally, the reader will conceive that these three features are reconcilable with the premise of Al-Atlal of Suspended Odes.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/78
2019-07-20T10:15:12Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/78
2019-07-20T10:15:12Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2018): Language Art; 23-46
The Language of Mysticism in the Holy Quran and Persian Literature
Hosseini Mirabadi, Habib -Allah; Ph.D. Student in the Persian Language and Literature, Shiraz University, Iran.
Mohammad Beigi, Shahrokh; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2018-08-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/78
Mysticism, Sufism, Quran, the Unity of Existence, Love, Governorship, Progress, Mortality and Eternity.
fa_IR
Although Mysticism and Sufism are usually applied interchangeably, Mysticism may be considered as the theoretical aspect of Sufism, and Sufism is the practical aspect or the mystical progress. Some researchers believe that in Sufism there is a phase called "chrisma" after the emergence in which Sufism absorbs some element of mysticism of the other nations in itself and develop them; however, studying the fundamental elements of the Islamic Mysticism like the unity of existence, love, governorship, progress, mortality, eternity, etc. and comparing them with the Holy Quran challenges this theory. Governorship is not only a connection between Shiite Mysticism with the thoughts of Ibn-Arabi and his followers, but also a point of unity and a coverage which gathers all the mystical dispositions together. Moreover, the combination of theory and practice or Mysticism and Sufism with each other, or the priority of practice to theory and the fact that the knowledge of Mysticism is the subsequent of spiritual progress and the record of the innermost reception which occurs in the atmosphere of Islamic religious law can be another endorsement on the foundation of the Islamic Mysticism on the Holy Quran.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/79
2020-07-07T09:58:18Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/79
2020-07-07T09:58:18Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2018): Language Art; 47-62
The Systematic Functional Analysis of Lullabies in Farsi
Ramezani, Ahmad; Assistant Professor, Institute for Exceptional Children, Organization for Educational Research and Planning, Tehran, Iran.
2018-08-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/79
Systemic Functional Grammar, Lullabies, Farsi, Experiential metafunction, Textual metafunction, Interpersonal metafunction.
fa_IR
Linguistic analysis of literary genres is one of the most interesting areas of research which can lead us to a better understanding of the verbal art. In this paper; it is aimed to implement Halliday’s Systematic Functional Linguistic Analysison lullabies to uncover different layers of meaning communicated. At first, some anonymous Farsi lullabies were collected. Then, regarding the ideational/experiential, textual and interpersonal metafunctions, they were analyzed. Considering ideational/experiential metafunction, all the processes introduced in the theory (i.e., material, mental, relational, existential, behavioral, and verbal) were present in different lullabies, though not at the same frequency. As the results indicated, material was the most occurring process, while existential was the least. Further, regarding the textual and interpersonal metafunctions, other underlying layers of meaning in lullabies were revealed.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/80
2019-07-20T10:15:12Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/80
2019-07-20T10:15:12Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2018): Language Art; 63-82
Love: From the View Point of Kazi Nazrul Islam and Hafez-e Shirazi
Hassan, Mahadi; Lecturer, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
., Jakaria; M.A. Student in Persian Language and Literature, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
2018-08-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/80
Kazi Nazrul Islam, Hafez-e Shirazi, Bangladesh, Iran, Love, Lover.
fa_IR
Kazi Nazrul Islam is a prominent and national poet of Bangladesh. Love, revolution, human freedom, national unity, justice, and fairness are the main topics of his poetry and writings. He discussed love in his poems, mainly virtual love and true love. On the other hand, Khawaja Shams-Uddin Mohammad Hafez-e Shirazi is not only a famous poet of Iran, but also he is famous in all over the world and his outstanding contribution to Ghazal is known to all. He likes both love and affection, and love is one of the most beautiful manifestations of grace that is illustrated in the poetry of Hafez. Hafez's Beloved was both earthly and heavenly. This article discusses love from the viewpoint of Kazi Nazrul Islam and Hafez as much as possible.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/81
2019-07-20T10:15:12Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/81
2019-07-20T10:15:12Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2018): Language Art; 83-92
The Problem of “Russian Artistic School” in the Works of Russian Thinkers
Mikhailovich Tamaev, Pavel; Professor of Intercollegiate Centre for Education in the Field of Humanities of Ivanovo State University.
2018-08-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/81
Russian Writer’s Fate, Creative Act, Fining One’s Subject Matter, Style, Artistic school.
ru_RU
The article deals with some “generic” features of Russian literature. The works of Russian thinkers are permeated by the idea of Russian writers’ exclusive fate, which consists in these writers’ discovering their own selves. Their artistic quest was aimed at comprehending the spiritual substance of a human being within themselves. Russian artistic school also implies the period of growth, the development of Russian national culture, its historical and cultural character, and according to Danilevsky and Khomiakov, it was convinced that our writers should take in the European heritage, but they should not limit their works to it. One should embrace works of different schools and become a free artist. The central and the most intense questions to consider for each thinker are those of Russian artists’ worldview, their spiritual and creative act (their unique “artistry”), the subject matter, lyricism, the artistic word, and particular types of creative works. It is not a coincidence that in their articles they have dwelled on the European (Catholic and Protestant) lifestyles and that of the Old Testament. They concluded that the Russian artistic type is characterized by “completeness and integrity of mind”, maturity and manhood, unparalleled sincerity, simplicity and directness in treating the subject matter, and artistic ingenuousness.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/82
2020-07-07T10:01:21Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/82
2020-07-07T10:01:21Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2018): Language Art; 93-106
The Impact of Globalization on the Russian Language
Burlakova Ivanovna, Irina; Moscow state University of psychology and education Doctor of pedagogical Sciences, Professor, associate Professor
2018-08-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/82
Globalization, Russian Language, English Language.
ru_RU
This article deals with general issues related to the impact of globalization processes on national languages. The work is founded on theoretical research methods based on the inductive method of Material Selection. The author sees the reasons for globalization in strengthening integration between countries and national cultures. The formation of cross-cultural ties, as the phenomena of intercultural communication and their manifestation in the vocabulary indicates both the positive impact of globalization on the Russian language and the need for a deeper study of this phenomenon in connection with the negative impact on the spiritual and moral state of the ethnic group. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that language is, first of all, a way of inheritance of social-practical and spiritual experiences of people, the environment of existence of both an individual and an entire ethnic group, as a carrier of national culture.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/83
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/83
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2018): Language Art; 73-84
Representing the Persian Realities of the beginning of the 19th Century in the Russian Artistic Text of the 20th Century (Based on Tynianov's Novel “The Death of Vazir Mukhtar”)
Ivanova, Lyudmila Petrovna; Professor of Slavic Languages Department, National Dragomanov Pedagogical University, Kiev, Ukraine.
2018-11-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/83
Scientist-writer, Poet-diplomat, Linguo-imagological Analysis, Harem, Eunuchs.
ru_RU
The article is devoted to linguo-imagological analysis of the image of Persia of the 19th century in the Russian language consciousness of the 19th and 20th centuries. The material for the study was the novel of the historian writer Yu. N. Tynianov's “Death of Vazir Mukhtar”, dedicated to the last year of life and the tragic death of the poet-diplomat A. S. Griboyedov. The subject of the description in the article was two realities of Persian being, usually the first arising in the minds of people who are not carriers of culture of that time-the Shah's harem and eunuchs. The key characteristic of the harem is the army, the eunuchs are emptiness. These realities, like all the others, are presented as objectively as possible, with artistic instructions on the cause and effect of all events, that is, Yu. N. Tynianov appears as a historian scientist and a talented writer.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/84
2018-12-06T11:46:29Z
LA:Art
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/87
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/87
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019): Language Art; 87-100
The Analysis of the Notion of Creativity in the Persian Translation of The Remains of the Day: a Philosophical Approach
قلندر زهی, بیتا; M.A. of English Translation, ELT Department, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.
ساداتی, سید شهاب الدین; Assistant Professor of ELT Department, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
2019-02-26
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/87
Creativity, Daryabandari, Ishiguro, Literary Translation, Translation.
en_US
This research studied the creativity in Persian translation of The Remains of the Day by Najaf Daryabandari and the influence of creativity on a more successful literary translation. To this end, Schjoldager (2008) and Holst (2010) models were introduced and definitions of the micro-strategies and macro-strategies of these models were presented. The main questions with regard to the purpose of the study were whether the Persian translation of this novel is creative and whether creativity is influential in a more successful literary translation. In this study, the translator's creativity was studied through examples that were obtained by means of comparative analysis of the source and target texts as well as features defined in the eight creative micro-strategies of the Holst model. In addition, the features of translated text in terms of using Qajar prose were considered the macro-strategy, which was adopted by the translator. The findings of the study were as follows: The Persian translation of The Remains of the Day by the translator, Najaf Daryabandari, was a creative translation. In the research process, it could be inferred that the translator was able to present a successful literary translation in a meaningful and tactile manner in the target language by using creativity and by comparing and understanding the similarities of the nineteenth century classic English and Qajar dialects. Among extracted samples in this study, the most frequent one was the micro-strategy of adaptation, which was one of the most creative micro-strategies of the Holst model.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/88
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/88
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2018): Language Art; 33-46
Iranian Adult Speakers' Perceptions toward Linguistic Taboos and Euphemisms in Iranian Society: A Sociolinguistic View
Tajgozari, Mostafa; Ph.D. Candidate in English Language Teaching, Shiraz University, Shiraz.
Sahragard, Rahman; Professor of Foreign Languages & Linguistics Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2018-11-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/88
Death, Euphemisms, Society, Perceptions, Sex, Taboo.
en_US
In recent years, the line of research on the socio-pragmatic aspects of language and language use has been increasing very rigorously. In this regard, taboos as well as euphemisms, due to their significant role in impacting on the interactions among interlocutors, have been the subject of research in various societies and cultures from a vast variety of aspects. That being so, the present study was an attempt to explore the perceptions of Iranian adult speakers of linguistic taboos and euphemisms in Iranian society. To achieve this aim, a convenient sample of 48 Iranian adult speakers, 24 males and 24 females, from Shiraz, Iran was recruited to participate in the study. The researcher interviewed them one by one and audio recorded their answers for further analysis and to determine their perceptions of linguistic taboos and euphemisms in Iranian society. The findings indicated that: a. Most of the participants believed that sex is the most offensive topic in Iranian society; b. All of the participants believed that people should use euphemisms in their speech and should take after of their speech especially in formal situations; c. Most of the Iranian adult speakers believed that the most important factor which leads to the use of taboo words is anger; and d. Most of the participants, both male and female, said they do not discuss taboo topics in mixed-sex groups.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/90
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/90
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2018): Language Art; 59-72
Investigation of the Strategies Applied to Translate Idiomatic Expressions for Non-Native Viewers of Iranian Subtitled Movies (The Case Study: Drama Genre)
Yaghoot Miandoab, Ehsan; M.A ., Department of English Language Translation Studies, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2018-11-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/90
Baker’s Model, Drama Genre, Idioms, Non-Farsi Language Viewers, Subtitle.
en_US
Nowadays, idiomatic expressions considered an inseparable part of our everyday language and they are one of the most problematic issues in the process of translation between languages. There exist some elements which are directly related to culture, customs, beliefs, and values of the target language audiences which idioms are included. The present study aimed to investigate the strategies employed in the translation of idioms from Persian into English in the process of subtitling in three Iranian subtitled drama movies. To do this, idioms extracted from Persian versions of the selected drama movies, then, compared with their subtitled ones in English. The obtained data showed the Chi-square results were not significant at χ2 (6, N=4) =3.625, p=0, by considering p ˂0.05, and the strategies employed were not distributed equally. It means that “Using an idiom of similar meaning and form” was the most frequently used strategy in the translation of the idiomatic expressions with the highest frequency of 36% and the least frequently used strategy for dealing with idioms was “Omission” which is 10%. Therefore, Iranian audiovisual translators attempted to translate the idioms as naturally as possible and preserve their naturalness for Non-Farsi language viewers.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/91
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/91
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2018): Language Art; 47-58
Investigation of the Strategies Employed in Translation of Cultural and Ideological Items from English into Farsi in the Process of Dubbing (Based on Sharifi and Darchinyan’s Categorization)
Ghazi, Maryam; M. A. Student, Department of English Literature and Translation, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch
Sadati, Seyyed Shahabedin; Assistant Professor, Department of English Literature and Translation, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch,
2018-11-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/91
Audiovisual Translation, Formal Dubbing, Initial Norm, Taboo Terms, Translation Strategy.
en_US
At the age of globalization and the dominance of media, the audiovisual translation is no more considered as a marginal area and plays an important role in bringing cultures closer to each other. While taboo terms are an inseparable part of American movies, the movie maker companies have to reflect the authenticity of their language in audiovisual products in order to make them more tangible for their audiences. However, one of the biggest concerns of Iranian official audiovisual translators is cultural and ideological items such as taboo terms in audiovisual products. One of the aims of the present study was to investigate the strategies applied in the translation of taboo terms in two dubbed American movies by Iranian official audiovisual translators. The results indicated that most of the taboo terms have been altered or deleted ideologically during the process of translation due to the cultural differences between the source and the target culture. Finally, Iranian official audiovisual translators attempted to tone down the strong language, offensive expressions, vulgar descriptions, etc. in the process of dubbing and create an acceptable translation for their audiences.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/92
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/92
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2018): Language Art; 7-20
Academic Performance and Universal Design for Learning (UDL): From Training and Supervision Responsibilities to Establishing Social Responsibility
Bouanani, Mostafa; Professor of Arabic Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics & Didactic of Languages, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
2018-11-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/92
University Education, Academic Institutions, Universal Design of Learning, Training and Coaching Responsibilities, Social Responsibility.
ar_IQ
This work aims to highlight the importance of Universal Design of Learning (UDL) in the development of exceptional academic performance manifested by the achievement of the interconnection between two elements: 1. Taking into account the biological, physiological, cognitive, and cultural specificities of individual learners, and qualifying them for a possible positive integration in the scientific, intellectual, and cultural globalization rooted in all aspects of our daily life and 2. Strengthening the role of universities (and higher education institutions in particular) in promoting students' spirit of social responsibility, and in training/coaching them for active involvement in their society. This is essential for students to achieve harmony between what defines their Arab intellectual and civilizational identity and what constitutes their manifestations in the global scientific and intellectual fabric.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/93
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/93
2019-12-02T22:22:49Z
Language Art
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2018): Language Art; 21-32
Accumulation of the Phonetic Voice of AL-Fil Sura Integration of Structure and Significance
Rahmani, Zahreddine; Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts and Languages, University of Mohamed El-Bachir El-Ibrahimi Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria.
2018-12-09
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/93
Accumulation of Sound, Silences, Sounds, Syllables, Significance.
ar_IQ
This research is a phonological study of Al-Fil Sura. It combines theory and application in the Quranic phonological study to investigate syllabic phonological structure of Al-Fil Sura, to understand its syllabic texture, and to know the phonological harmony which is represented by repetition with its all types because of its importance in the association of the rhythmic and semantic function. This article provides each statement in details, so it is regarded as a comprehensive linguistic research.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/94
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/94
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019): Language Art; 73-86
Pronominal Description of Poguli
Wani, Neelofar Hussain; Assistant Professor, Department of English, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
2019-02-26
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/94
Dialect, Poguli, Pronouns, Subclasses of Pronouns, Grammatical Functions.
en_US
Poguli is spoken in the Pogal-Paristan area of district Ramban in the state of Jammu and Kashmir (India). Poguli shows interesting and significant variations from Kashmiri in phonology, morphology, and vocabulary, but linguistic research on these aspects of the dialect of Kashmiri has been inadequate and fragmentary. Limited work has been done on Poguli and is mostly based on oral form. The present paper attempts to study Poguli on morphological description basis. The study shall include description of pronouns of Poguli in question. It aims to give a complete account of different features of pronouns in Poguli.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/95
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/95
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): Language Art; 105-122
“Through-Produced” Multiple Questions in Tagalog-English Faculty Meetings: Setting the Agenda Dimension of Questions
Munalim, Leonardo O.; Associate Professor, Philippine Women’s University-School of Arts and Sciences, Manila, Philippines.
Genuino, Cecilia F.; Associate Professor, Philippine Normal University-Manila, College of Graduate Studies and Teacher Education Research.
2019-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/95
“Through-produced” Multiple Questions, Agenda Dimension, Question-answer System, Faculty Meeting, Framing.
en_US
This study describes the sequential pattern of “through-produced” multiple questions using Conversation Analysis that sets the agenda dimension of questions, and the academic conditions that advance its use during turns at talk from five faculty meetings. Results show that a. No first-pair of the “through-produced” questions has been answered; b. the answers to the second-pair questions are achieved through paraphrases, clarifications, keyword repetitions, and circuitous rephrasing until the hearer conforms with the agenda set; c. The subordinates frame their default identities with lower epistemic knowledge, and d. “Through-produced” multiple questions can be a manifestation of Chair’s power. Implications and recommendations for cross-linguistic comparisons are offered to generalize the findings beyond the specific domain of the meeting.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/96
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/96
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019): Language Art; 59-72
The Role of Synaesthesia in the Artistic Imagery of Souad al-Sabah
میرقادری, سید فضل الله; Professor of Arabic Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
خطیبی, علی; PhD Candidate of Arabic Language And Literature, Shiraz University, Iran
2019-02-27
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/96
Synaesthesia, Semiotics, Poetic Imagery, Souad al-Sabah, Umniah.
ar_IQ
Synaesthesia is one of the semiotic categories on which the construction of metaphors is based in the modern poetic imagery. The poet, Souad al-Sabah, could create delightful and influential intonation and significations for her poems in this way since synaesthesia paves the way to express the deep secrets of the poet and it is just the way. An effective poet illustrates such creative and fascinating pictures therewith and invites the audience to think and contemplate beyond the seeming form and to discover the depth of these artistic pictures through it. This study is based on a descriptive-analytic approach which examines the accurate inference of synaesthesia in a poetic imagery through semiotics. The result demonstrates that the poet in her book “Umniah” has used the abstract-sensuous synaesthesia more than the sensuous-sensuous synaesthesia, and the influence of significations of visual synaesthesia, through which the poet makes imagination, is greater than the other types of senses.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/97
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/97
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): Language Art; 7-24
Horse in the Persian and Russian Literatures
صادقی سهل آباد, زینب; Assistant Professor of Russian Language and Literature Department, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
عبدلی, معصومه; B.A. of Russian Language and Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
2019-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/97
Horse, Persian Literature, Russian Literature, Wise Oleg, Myths.
fa_IR
In this paper, the place of the horse in the Persian and Russian literary works has been discussed. In the literature of both nations, horses mostly own human characteristics and are counted as humansʼ faithful companions and friends. This legendary animal, in the literature of both countries, has always been a positive symbol and never does have negative characteristics. In order to explain this case, we resorted to some literary works from both nations in which horses played a role. By contrast, in one of the famous Russian heroics entitled “A Song of the Wise Oleg”, one of the historical Russian stories which merge with Russian myths, the role of the horse is different from the other literary works and it somehow unconsciously causes the hero to die. In the heroic stories, the horse is considered as a complement for heroʼs character and plays an important role in developing his personality. The purpose of this research was to indicate the perspectives of two cultures on a common symbol.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/98
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/98
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019): Language Art; 7-26
The Content Analysis of “Thought” and “Consciousness” in Last Word of the Verses of the Holy Quran
محمدبیگی, شاهرخ; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University
گل پیچ, فاطمه; Master student of Quran and Hadith Sciences Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
2019-02-27
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/98
The Holy Quran, Verse, Thought, Idea, Consciousness, Perception, Understanding.
fa_IR
The aim of some verses in expressing the signs to discover the final destination of creation is “thinking”. “Consciousness” is also one of the main Quranic discussion to which some verses have been dedicated. The Omnipotent has invited human beings to “think”, “hint”, and “reason”. Moreover, even He reprimands and reproaches “the lack of thought” in some verses. Therefore, we have done the content analysis of those verses in which the roots of the words “fekr” (thought) and “ʃeʔr” (consciousness) have been used in the last word. This paper consists of two chapters, the first chapter is on “thought” and the second is on “consciousness”. Each chapter contains two parts in which at first, the words were examined morphologically, and then they were studied through interpretation. From the interpretation point of view, the individual verses have been studied separately, and the content analysis of those verses motivating the man to “think” as well as the verses discuss the “lack of consciousness and correct understanding” was done.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/101
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/101
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019): Language Art; 27-48
Analyzing of Conceptual Metaphors Related to the Concept of God in Ayn al-Quzat Hamadaniʼ Works: Tamhidāt and Maktoobāt
کنکاش, سپیده; PhD Candidate in Persian Language & Literature, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2019-02-27
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/101
Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, God, Prophet Mohammad, Quran, Satan, Love, Mapping and Conceptual Metaphors.
fa_IR
Mystics express their ideas and experiences of their intuition by means of different felicity devices and various linguistic potentials. The elements of imagination are the result of their own personal experiences and they do not have the function of embellishment of the speech, so we can say these elements have inherent relations with mystical concepts. The excessive and recurrent use of the elements of imagination in a work directs us to the mentality and manner of cognitive process of the author. In other words, these elements in a broader sense manifest some aspects of a kind of specific ideology. Here, the function of these elements go beyond the surfaces of word and sentence, and they are expressed in the surface of ideology under the title of Conceptual Metaphors or Cognitive Metaphors. In two works by the Persian mystic, Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani (Tamhidāt «Preludes» and Maktoobāt «Manuscripts»), the concept of God and respectively, such concepts as the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), the Holy Quran, Satan, love, and etc. belong to some types of conceptual and semantic fields which are recognized by their set of correspondences in concrete and tangible domains in the form of conceptual metaphors: “God is the King”, “God is the Beloved”, “God is the light”, “God is the Writer” and “God is the Fighter”.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/104
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/104
2019-07-20T10:14:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019): Language Art; 49-58
The Desired Integration between Language Planning and Educational Planning in Algeria
قرفة, زينة; Lecturer, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts and Languages, University of Mohamed El-Bachir El-Ibrahimi Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria.
2019-02-27
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/104
Linguistic Policy, Language Planning, Educational Planning, Integration.
ar_IQ
The planning process is dynamically linked to all types of work and life activities. A successful person performs the work on a systematic and purposeful planning basis by adopting the principle of rational and proper planning in his work and his life activities. Planning is, therefore, necessary in education like in economic and social affairs, especially as people's lives have become more complex developing rapidly in the shadow of globalization. Algeria has sought, through public policy, to adopt planning that encompasses various aspects of life, especially educational planning.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/115
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/115
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2019): Language Art; 89-102
Marked and Unmarked Thematization Patterns: A Comparative Analysis of Opinion Articles Written by American Columnists and Their Persian Translations
مردانی, طوبی; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
صادقی, محمد; Ph.D Candidate, Department of English, Translation Studies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
2019-08-31
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/115
Thematization Patterns, Marked Themes, Unmarked Themes, Theme and Rheme, Systemic Functional Grammar.
en_US
Thematization is the process of arranging theme/rheme patterns in a text. It is considered the mental act or process of selecting particular topics as themes in discourse or words as themes in sentences. This study aimed to find out how the translators organize their themes into marked and unmarked ones and how these organizations are related to the original texts. This paper examined thematization strategies in English opinion articles and compared them with their Persian translation. To this end, one of the leading newspapers in the United States, The New York Times, was chosen. The texts were given to a professional translator to be translated and then rated by an expert rater. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of textual features and marked and unmarked themes of 6 opinion articles, their Persian translations were selected. The findings revealed that thematization patterns can help the translators in better transforming the message to the target language. The results for the marked and unmarked thematization patterns were relatively the same in the original texts and their translations.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/117
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/117
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): Language Art; 69-82
Silent Language and Its Function in Successful Relation
صیادی نژاد, روح الله; Associate professor of Arabic Language and Literature Department, Kashan University, Iran.
2019-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/117
Silent Language, Foreign Culture, Teaching Second Language, Arabic Language, Context.
ar_IQ
Language is a communicative instrument in peoplesʼ lives in society, but it is not the only instrument for communication. People have other non-lingual instruments like Silent Language which its function is to make communication. This language has a constructive and crucial role in the types of communication in people's lives. Almost 30 to 40 percent of our methods of communication is verbal, and around 60 to 70 percent is non-verbal. The research method of this study is descriptive-analytic in which non-verbal communication aspects like kinesis, proxemics, chromatics, turn taking, paralanguage, silent language, and the Maptic system have been studied. This research indicates that the relations in the Middle East, especially in Arab countries, are based on context and unfamiliarity with the other cultures leads to failure in communication. Since the difference of sovereignty in Arab countries is so clear, the distribution of speech turns in this culture is based on individual characteristics such as age, social place, and power. In Arab culture, less attention is paid to time in contrary to the western culture. In conversations the Arabs tend to move closer to the hearer; however, this in relation to the distance in the western culture, tends to convey sexual feelings or enmity.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/118
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/118
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2019): Language Art; 7-28
The Language Analysis of Seyyed Hemyariʼs “Golden Ode” Based on Formalism Criticism Approach
صیادی نژاد, روح الله; Associate professor of Arabic Language and Literature Department, Kashan University, Iran.
اقبالی, عباس; Associate professor of Arabic Language and Literature Department, Kashan University, Iran.
2019-08-31
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/118
Formalism, the Language of Poetry, Golden Ode, Seyyed Hemyari, Parallelism, Deviation.
fa_IR
Seyyed Hemyari is one of those famous ritual poets who, for explaining historical realities, not only has leaned on intellectualization and rationalism, but also uses emotional language. He artistically utilizes form for creating new senses and concepts so that he has attracted the audience’s attention while stabilizing his intended meaning in their minds. He builds his poems “simple but inimitable” which is a powerful artistic style. The researchers of this article have tried to conduct a qualitative study on “the Golden Ode” of Seyyed Hemyari. The findings of the research show that Seyyed Hemyari reaches unity and spiritual experience by using musical capacity of “Behr-e Kaamil”. The rhythm and music of this ode are the results of some vocalic repetitions which show the deliberate selection of the creator of this work. He creates aural and acoustic enjoyment for the reader and gives diversity and beauty to his poem by using invisible repetitions and words that have similar sound wave lengths. Seyyed Hemyari sounds amazing in semantic level. He uses the language which is brought under his control. But despite his artistic approach in applying deviation, revival and making new compositions, unlike the other ritual poets, he does not sacrifice meaning for form.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/123
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/123
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2019): Language Art; 69-88
The Definition of Arabic Linguistic Terms in Dictionaries
Madkour, Amro Mohamed; Assistant Professor, Qatar University, Qatar
2019-08-31
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/123
Linguistics, Dictionaries, Terms, Definition.
ar_IQ
This research studies the terminological definition of Arabic linguistic terms in dictionaries, by explaining its characteristics, importance, conditions, and the shortcomings of some dictionaries when it is tried to link the concept with its definition by defining the concept. There was also a practical study for a set of Arabic linguistic dictionaries or dictionaries that have been translated to Arabic. The research begins by defining the terms (Term and Concept). Then it addresses the definition of the term (Definition) and sets its sections between different types of logical definitions, and multiple linguistic ways. The definition then highlights the term defined in a certain scientific field, and through a tree of terms for the work in topic. The research introduces Arabic linguistic dictionaries, which includes a definition of its terms (the research subject). Then it discusses the conditions of the definition that the lexicon must adhere for the definition to be scientific, accurate and clear. The research continues by studying the faults in some dictionaries, analysing different examples of each of these faults, and working to develop solutions to avoid them.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/125
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/125
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): Language Art; 83-104
Towards a Critical Cognitive Linguistics?
Stockwell, Peter; Professor of Literary Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, School of English Studies, Nottingham University, United Kingdom.
Mhammed, Elmellakh; Professor of Arabic linguistics and Discourse Analysis. Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco.
2019-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/125
Cognitive Linguistics, Critical Discourse Analysis, Conceptual Metaphor, Embodiment, Mind, Body.
ar_IQ
This paper asks whether the Cognitive Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis share any common basics and investigate a possible synthesis between them. The Critical Discourse Analysis can make the cognitive framework self-reflexive and more oriented towards the social context, reinforcing a contextualized analysis of meaning. The Cognitive Linguistics models can offer tools to Critical Discourse Analysis for theorizing analytical concepts like metaphorical representations and context. Furthermore, a synthesis will be a possible option if the two disciplines share a common domain. The accommodation must be made at the level of theoretical inconsistencies.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/126
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/126
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): Language Art; 51-68
The Influence of Persian Language and Iranian Mysticism on the Songs of Fakir Lalon Shah
Noor-e Alam, Mohammad; Associate Professor and the Chairman of Persian Language and Literature Department, Chittagong University, Bangladesh.
Mumin, Fahad; Persian Language Researcher, Persian Language and Literature Department, Dhaka University, Bangladesh.
2019-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/126
Fakir Lalon Shah, Literature, Songs, Mysticism and Spirituality, Persian language.
fa_IR
Fakir Lalon Shah is a well known and renounced lyricist in the field of music in Bangladesh. About ten thousand lyrics of Lalon’s folk songs were composed verbally, but only 1100 songs have been preserved till now. There are many different perceptions about Lalon Shah from religious sights, he composed songs of love, equality, and spirituality. When he was born in Bengal, the whole subcontinent was under British imperialism. Persian language was prevalent in Indian subcontinent more than six hundred years. It was the state language during Mongol Empire. Since then, Persian language and literature, customs and culture were assimilated with the Bengali language, literature, and culture. It has a great influence on Bengali literature. Many poets of Bangladesh have used Persian words and elements in their literature. They also composed books in Persian language whose manuscripts can be found in this region at present. In this sequence, spiritual songs and folk songs of Lalon Shah were found also in Iran and the Iranian were also privileged from the Persian words and elements used by him. In this article, the effects of Persian Language and Iranian spirituality on Lalon’s songs will be discussed.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/127
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/127
2020-06-01T14:24:38Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): Language Art; 25-50
A Critique of the Description and Emendation of the “Four Discourses”
انصاری جابری, جمال; Master of Persian language and literature, Shiraz University, Iran
محمدبیگی, شاهرخ; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
2019-05-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/127
Four Discourses, Creature Worship, Merit, Good Deeds, Narration, Herald.
fa_IR
Although the book Four Discourses is compact, it is a literally valuable work due to its authorʼs power in the two literary styles of simple prose and technical prose. In addition, the worthwhile information provided by this book about four professions of secretaryship, poetics, astronomy, and iatrology has added to the value of this book. Moreover, it is somehow considered a memorandum which should not be neglected. So, there is no doubt that understanding the beauties of the text of this literary treasure and enjoying it is dependent on the correct understanding of form and meaning of its text. Since after the wise emendation of the book Four Discourses by Allameh Mohammad Ghazvini, only professor Mohammad Moin has described this valuable work, and along with the description, he also has made some suggestions on the re-correction of some of its vocabularies; therefore, in this essay, it is tried to indicate some of the shortcomings of this single exposition. Subsequently, Moinʼs suggestions have been critically to present a more suitable and correct interpretation according to the text of the Four Discourses based on the in-text and out-text evidence as well as regarding the other related sources.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/128
2020-03-31T10:11:16Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/128
2020-03-31T10:11:16Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Language Art; 101-114
Genre Analysis of Article Abstract Sections across Translation Studies and English Literature
ملک زاده, مریم; MA in English Language Teaching from Payame Noor University of Najafabad, Iran
2020-02-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/128
Abstract, Genre, Genre Analysis, Move, Step.
en_US
Research article abstract play a central role in enhancing the visibility of scientific work. As such, writing clear and informative abstract is of paramount importance for any academic discourse community. To contribute to the present body of research findings, the present investigation was conducted to explore the probable rhetorical differences between research article abstract sections across the two disciplines of English literature and translation studies with reference to Swales' (2004) CARS model, an issue, which has not been addressed to date. Precisely, the study sought to discover what rhetorical structures characterize the article abstract sections written by translation and English literature researchers. The corpus featured 100 abstracts from both disciplines published in international journals that were analyzed in terms of the aforementioned model to unravel their underlying rhetoric structure. Overall, analyses revealed no significant cross-disciplinary difference between the rhetoric structures of the two sets of corpora except in terms of Step 1A of Move 2 (Indicating a gap). Specifically, it was found that the translation studies and English literature abstracts more often provided a clear reference to the primary purpose, principal outcomes, and methodology. To conclude, the pedagogical and theoretical significance of the findings were discussed in light of relevant theory and available research evidence.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/130
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/130
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2019): Language Art; 103-118
The Explication of the Author’s Traditional Symbolism of the Element Fire in the Poetry of the Russian Symbolist Poet K. Balmont: The Actualization of Zoroastrianism Motives
Сыромля, Наталья Николаевна; PhD, Associate professor of Foreign Languages Department, Kiev National University of Technologies and Design, Kiev
2019-08-31
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/130
Linguoculturology, Symbolism, Fire Symbol, Russian Symbolism, К. Balmont, Zoroastrianism.
ru_RU
The article is dedicated to the linguistic analysis of symbol of fire in the Russian symbolist poet, K. Balmont’s lyrics. The symbolic meanings of the element fire have been studied from linguistic and linguoculturological points of view. There defined mechanisms which allow expressing both traditional symbolism of fire and the one by the author; they are collaboration of mythologems and archetypes associated with the symbol explicated in the text with a proper word, in our case with the word “fire”. The subject of this study is one of a side of traditional symbolism of the element fire conditioned by Slavic, Greek mythology, Zoroastrianism, and the Biblical motives. Archetypes are represented with binary oppositions actualizing the semantics of vertical direction, ambivalence, animism, and anthropomorphism. The author’s symbolic meanings are expressed according to his rethinking of the myths and archetypes in the nearest surrounding of the symbol in the texts.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/131
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/131
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2019): Language Art; 29-46
A Consideration on “sāqi be yād dār: Criticisms and Considerations” in Khaghani Studies Written by Saeed Allah Ghare Bagloo
حیدریان, اکبر; PhD Candidate of Persian Language and Literature Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2019-08-31
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/131
Khaghani, “sāqi be yād dār”, Mohammad Estelami, Saeed Allah Ghare Bagloo.
fa_IR
Khaghani studies and Khaghani researches are the issues which have had an eminent growth in recent years. Each of the professors and Khaghani researchers has tried to take a step in this regard based on his/her knowledge and information. In line with these researches, the book titled: “sâqi be yâd dâr: Criticisms and Considerations on Khaghani Studies” have published by Dr. Saeed Allah Ghare Bagloo in 2016. In the mentioned book, two main subjects have been investigated: the first part is “Criticism on Criticism” and the second includes “Articles”. In the first part, the writer has criticized the endeavors of Dr. Mohammad Estelami on the book titled: “Criticism and Explanation of Khaghani Odes”. In this article, it is attempted to review the method of writing the book while responding to the authorʼs criticisms more clearly. The author of this article has criticized and scrutinized the writer of the bookʼs points of view according to the part named “Criticism on Criticism”, and it is hoped that by accepting these notes by the author, the book becomes richer than before.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/133
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/133
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 4 (2019): Language Art; 95-120
The Properties of the Lutys Language
جلیلی سچه گانی, راضیه; Master of Persian Language and Literature, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
راستگوفر, سید محمد; Associate Professor, Persian language and literature Department, literature and foreinger languages Faculty, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
2019-12-03
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/133
Language Properties, the Lutys, Hooligan, Idiot, Lumpen.
fa_IR
The Lutys and all its other branches like hooligans, idiots, lumpens, and Tolerants who have almost disappeared these days, were a social group that had considerable roles in the political, cultural, and social processes just up to some years ago. In fact, this group were a transformed model for generosity and Ayyâri; they bound to most of their customs, conventions, and traits. Gradually, this group invented their own particular customs to be distinguished from others. One of their peculiarities was a special language with specific vocabularies, expressions, and tone which was common among them. The language, to some extent, has entered to the language of the other social classes’ esp. common people by means of this group. In this research, we tried to describe this language and its properties, and compose a dictionary of its vocabularies, idioms, and expressions.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/134
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/134
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 4 (2019): Language Art; 77-94
The Study of Literary Populism in Tawfiq al-Hakim's Plays
رحماني, عبدالرزاق; Assistant Professor, The Studies and Research Centre, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
زرگر, امينه; PhD student of Arabic Language and Literature Department, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran.
گرمه ای, زهرا; Master of Arabic Language and Literature from Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
2019-12-03
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/134
Populism, Tawfiq Al-Hakim, Common People, Drama.
fa_IR
Populism is a political term appeared with the rise of popular revolutions in Russia and France. Afterwards, it penetrates into literature. This term signifies advocating common people in politics, it follows the same trend in literature, too. The populist criticism culminates in France, because French critics were concerned with the literary works which treat low classes, undergrounds and miserable people. Tawfiq al-Hakim is an Egyptian prominent writer who studied law but devoted his life to literature and writing. He was a prolific writer who wrote in different styles. His works are characterized with commitment with the social problems and criticism of the social changes. Since the drama is written in dialogical form, it can deal with common people's concerns better than novel. Moreover it has no limitation in choosing the topics. This popular social spirit as well as his commitment to common people have made al-Hakim a popular writer. He exploited these themes to increase people's awareness and help them in managing their social problems. Applying the populist criticism, this article shows that Tawfiq al-Hakim's work was not a mere imitation of Western populistic works. His innovations can be found in selection of the themes and concentration on local problems.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/136
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/136
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 4 (2019): Language Art; 121-144
The Application of Metaphor Identification Procedure and Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Persian and Malay Languages
Safarnejad, Fatemeh; Ph.D. of Cognitive Linguistic and Translation Studies, School of Language Studies and Linguistics, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Malaysia.
Ghani, Aniswal ABD.; Senior Lecturer at School of Humanities, University of Science (Universiti Sains Malaysia), Malaysia.
2019-12-03
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/136
Metaphor Identification Procedure, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Metaphorical Expressions, Happiness, Sadness.
en_US
Metaphor is a linguistic element that can be found in different languages. The scope of the present study is restricted to the metaphorical expressions of only the two concepts of Happiness and Sadness as presented in Persian and Malay languages. The study uses Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) and the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) framework. In this study, two sets of data (Persian and Malay linguistic data) were examined. The Persian linguistic data were collected from the Persian novel “Suvashun” written by Simin Daneshvar. The Malay linguistic data were gathered from the Malay novels written by Wan Osman Wan Awang. These emotive metaphorical expressions were compared to assess whether they were identical, similar or different. The analysis of data showed that emotive metaphorical expressions of Happiness and Sadness are characterized by cognitive commonness and cultural variety. The findings show that the two languages have many metaphorical expressions of Happiness/Sadness that are based on common bodily experiences. Furthermore, the analysis of metaphorical expressions of Happiness and Sadness in the two languages showed that the metaphor is quite pervasive in expressions of emotional concepts, and it plays an essential role in our understanding and speaking. The results of this study suggest that the application of Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) offers a reliable and flexible method for identifying metaphorical expressions at the linguistic level, and the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) provides a systematic instrument to identify the concepts of emotive metaphorical expressions behind the linguistic metaphors.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/144
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/144
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 4 (2019): Language Art; 59-76
Operating metaphor of the concept of love in Shams (Based on the theory of Lakoff and Johnson)
مختاری, مسروره; Associate Professor Persian Language and Literature. University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
آلیانی, رقیه; Persian Language and Literature PhD student, researcher, University of Ardabi
2019-12-03
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/144
Lakoff, Johnson, Conceptual Metaphor, Schemata, Mawlavi, Shams’s Lyrics.
fa_IR
Language is one of the most important human achievements to transfer thoughts and concepts. From the viewpoint of Cognitive Linguists, language is a tool to communicate everyone’s perceptual and cognitive system. Accordingly, poets and writers, especially mystics have applied language in a particular way so that it inspires cognitive, metaphysic, mystic and romantic concepts; also, they planned their themes by using language processes such as conceptual metaphor. Conceptual metaphor, at first developed by Lakoff and Johnson in the book “Metaphors We Live By”, is based on mind and experience. Lakoff believes that the themes of the human mind are fundamentally metaphoric, and even they are appeared through everyone’s daily life. As mysticism especially Mawlana’s mysticism is derived from his mystical experiences based on personal experiences, the present research has utilized the theory of Conceptual Metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson, based on types of metaphor and image schema for identifying the ideological themes of Mawlana by using a descriptive-analytic approach. In this paper, the conceptual metaphor of Love in animal symbols of Shams lyrics was propounded in two sections of schema and metaphor types. The results of the research suggest that the conceptual metaphor of Love represented in the two groups of force and path schema, and according to the types of metaphor, they are represented in the form of structural and orientation conceptual metaphors.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/145
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/145
2020-07-04T06:28:42Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2019): Language Art; 47-68
They Have Claimed that Saussure is a Structuralist!
Hanoun, Mbarek; Professor of Linguistics, Qatar University, Qatar
2019-08-31
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/145
Speech, Structure, Multiple Linguistics, Diodes, Value, Deliberation, Discourse, Interfaces.
ar_IQ
This research assumes that de Saussure is not structuralist and that his work falls within the scope of establishing General Linguistics addressing the linguistic phenomenon with the required methodical and conceptual dimensions. The study is based on a set of factors related to his research program and the intellectual foundations inspiring it. The study also draws on the arguments derived from the structure of his entire work, the understanding of the binary system, its operation and use in the Saussurean discourse, along with the complex language of the system that varies between order and disorder. The study also takes account of the nature of the intellectual climate and its characteristics, as well as the competing interpretations and readings due to intellectual and ideological backgrounds. The study is guided by a comprehensive and Critical Analysis approach, conducive to confirming the position that de Saussure was behind establishing all the schools of Linguistics, and that the tendency to call him the father of structuralism (because of the priority granted to langue at the expense of parole) is due to his desire to upgrade scientific research through adopting appropriate methodologies. The epistemological dichotomy of langue and parole put forth by de Saussure is a non-differential move. It is rather systematic work that establishes a scientific practice which addresses the facts of both langue and parole and envisages the leveling, stability, and consolidation of the linguistic system. This is because it is the aspect that has not received the required focus and comprehensive analysis.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/150
2020-03-31T10:11:16Z
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/150
2020-03-31T10:11:16Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Language Art; 89-100
A Linguistic Reading into "mā ʔanā bi-qāriʔ"
البلوشي, راشد بن علي; Associate Professor of Linguistics, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
2020-02-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/150
Negative mā, Interrogative mā, Ba- of Confirmation, Negative Polarity Items.
ar_IQ
When the Angel Jibril (pbuh) first met with Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in the cave ħirāʔ, he asked him to read, saying "ʔiqraʔ", three times, and each time the Prophet (pbuh) replied by saying "mā ʔanā bi-qāriʔ". This statement has been understood to mean 'I am not a reader', or 'I cannot read', and taken to indicate that the Prophet (pbuh) did not know the Holy Qur'an prior to that meeting. This paper addresses this issue, and presents another reading into this statement by the Prophet (pbuh) by providing a linguistic analysis that reveals that this statement can have another meaning, or rather the opposite meaning. The analysis, which assumes that mā is the interrogative, not negative, mā particle, will show that the statement may also mean 'what shall I read?', which indicates that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) knew the Holy Qur'an prior to the first meeting with the angel (pbuh).
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/153
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/153
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 4 (2019): Language Art; 7-32
A Great Claim, An Obvious Fact
میرقادری, سید فضل الله; Professor of Arabic Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University
2019-12-03
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/153
Hafez, The Glory Poem, Endeavor, Wise.
fa_IR
The poems presented by poets in each era, are generally contained in the form of poetic subjects. Glory is one of the poetic motives which has been common from the past up to the present in the Persian and Arab poems. In the contemporary period, the Glory Poem sometimes takes a new form which is presented by a specific exaggeration and on a new level so that the poem is included in the Narcissism School and the poet as a narcissist. The third verse of a poem by Hafez is not included in any poetic subjects although at first glance, it seems to be in the form of Glory Poem. In this research, after studying the Glory Poem in the poems of known poets and by considering the Glories of Hafez and those poems in contrast to Glory, we want to prove the fact that the mentioned verse by Hafez is of a different type. And this is a great claim which is manifested in the form of an obvious and glorious reality which considering its content will have great consequences.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/154
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/154
2020-07-04T06:30:05Z
Language Art
Vol. 4 No. 4 (2019): Language Art; 33-58
The Position of Satire in the Poetry of Iranian Islamic Revolution
نادی, محمد; Student of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
محمدبیگی, شاهرخ; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University
2019-12-03
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/154
Satire, Poetry, The Islamic Revolution.
fa_IR
By studying the position of satire in the poetry of Iranian Islamic Revolution, it is possible to get familiar with the manner and style of the satirical poets of this period. Also, by analyzing the works of these poets, their ways of confrontation with social problems and their manners of expression will be explicit. The Literature of Revolution is insightful and informative. Fundamentally, satire is functionally informative. Therefore, doing research on this function in literature is highly important so that meaningfulness, informativeness, insight, and objection are clarified as the main components of the poetry of the Revolution and their key roles in its literature. The poetry of the Revolution is a socialist and diplomatic poetry and satire is responsible for raising the socialism, informativeness, and insight of people; so, explaining the position of satire in the poetry of the Revolution is in fact describing one of its most important content and meaning grounds. In this article, through Content Analysis and by using the method of collecting data in library, it is tried to verify the concept of satire, its level and position at this period by defining it and comparing its position with the different periods of the poetry of the Revolution and the forms applied. Then the famous poets of this style and their works will be introduced.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/157
2020-07-25T06:34:15Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/157
2020-07-25T06:34:15Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): Language Art; 31-48
Insomnia and sleep and dreams in the poems of Saadi and Petrarca
عسگری, فاطمه; Assistant Professor in Italian Language and Literature, University of Tehran
اشرفی, اشرف السادات; Phd Student, in Persian language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Arak branch
2020-05-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/157
Saadi, Petrarca, Nightmares, Insomnia, Comparative Study
fa_IR
The phenomenon of insomnia is one of the poetic themes that has a high frequency in Saadi's poetry as a poetic character and style. Insomnia in love is a theme that in both Western and Eastern literature and specifically in the Persian literature has always been used as a very important subject. So many beautiful poems that express poet’s night's suffering and sadness in the memories of his beloved. The poets in this research have written a long time about the sleepless nights, the long night of love. As a fact, Insomnia and dreams are also mysterious and surprising elements that are often found in the poet's love poems, usually as an internal element in the semantic structure of poetry itself. Poets in their night dreams and insomnia achieve their unfulfilled dreams in their real life. In this essay, the authors seek a comparative study of the sleepless nights and dreams of Italian poet Petrarch and his Persian contemporary poet, Saadi. Given the impact that the culture and literature of nations have often on each other, it is then necessary to ponder on this phenomenon. At the end of the research we will find the similarities and differences between the meaning and the use of sleep and dream in the poems of this great face of rich Eastern and Western literature.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/162
2020-06-01T12:47:28Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/162
2020-06-01T12:47:28Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Language Art; 7-38
On Cultivating Gratitude (Shukr) in Sufi Virtue Ethics
خلیل, عطیف; University of Lethbridge (Canada)
کاظمی فر, معین; Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Shiraz University
2020-02-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/162
Ethics, Gratitude, Moral Psychology, Shukr, Spiritual Psychology, States and Stations, Sufism, Virtue Ethics.
fa_IR
Gratitude or shukr is one of the most central of Islamic virtues, the importance of which is underscored by the fact that the defining notions of “faith” and “disbelief” revolve around the pivots of shukr and kufr (= ingratitude). The article focuses on treatments of the virtue within the Sufi tradition, and even here, with a concentration specifically on the importance attached to its cultivation within the inner life of the spiritual aspirant. This is accomplished through an analysis of authors ranging from al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī (d. 905–10) and Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī (d. 996) to Ibn al-ʿArabī (d. 1240) and Aḥmad Zarrūq (d. 1493). In the process the article examines the semantics of shukr in Arabic as defined in the lexicographical tradition, its use in the Qur’an, definitions of the virtue in Sufi literature, the various strategies devised by a wide range of authorities on how to go about integrating the virtue within one’s life, and finally, what are believed to be the consequences or “karmic effects” of both gratitude and ingratitude for blessings (shukr al-niʿma and kufr al-niʿma).
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/164
2021-02-09T20:14:20Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/164
2021-02-09T20:14:20Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020): Language Art; 57-70
The Conception of Ibrahim Amin Al-shawrabi and Ali Abbas Zalikhe from 32th Sonnet of Hafez Shirazi's Sonnets (Comparative Study)
حوائج, فاطمه; Master of Arabic Language, College of Literature and Humanities- Arabic Language Departement, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
میرقادری, سید فضلالله; Professor of Arabic Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University
2020-11-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/164
Comparative litrature, Theory perception, Hafez Shirazi, Ebrahim Amin Al-Shawrabi, Ali Abbas Zulekhe
ar_IQ
The importance of comparative research lies in revealing the leading technical foundations of modern literary criticism, Literature in different eras does not involve itself, but rather relates to other global literatures. The theory of receptivity appeared in the last decades of the nineteenth century to confirm the presence of the reader, in exchange for a number of statements. The recipient's culture holds great importance in this work, because it is the main tributary in every mental work, because the author needs cultural and imaginative richness to write the literary text. For example; among the recipients who has translated the poems of Hafez Al-Shirazi were the Egyptian writer Ibrahim Amin Al-Shawarbi and the Syrian writer Ali Abbas Zulekhe. We have tried to study the 32th sonnet of Hafez 's sonnets and the study of receiving recipients, and to compare their receiving responses. One of the results we have obtained is that recipients had not delve into special meanings, terms, and special titles. Finally, it became clear to us that receiving Al-Shawarbi was more important than receiving Zulekhe; because Al-Shawarbi was aware of the Iranian culture and relationship. However; the conception of Zulekhe in terms of sensations and emotion, it is better to have a smoother experience than Al-Shawrabi.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/165
2020-10-09T21:56:13Z
LA:Art
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https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/165
2020-10-09T21:56:13Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2020): Language Art; 97-114
The Suppression of meaning in Kazuo Ishiguro's The Remains of the Day
خسروی, ساره; M.A. of English Language and Literature, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran.
برکت, بهزاد; Associate Professor of English Language and Literature, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran.
2020-09-01
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/165
Suppression of Meaning, The Remains of the Day, Unreliable Narrator, Figurative Language, Metaphor, Metonymy.
en_US
This article focuses on Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day and the way the language of the novel suppresses meaning. After illuminating the concept of meaning suppression and its formation, the study offers two strategies with which meaning suppression is manifested: the unreliability of the narrator and the employment of the figurative language. The influential Factors in the unreliability of the narrator which contribute to meaning suppression are: first-person narrator, memory telling, discursive habits of the narrator and the contradiction between scenic presentations and commentaries. The other strategy contributing to the suppression of meaning in the novel is the figurative language. The figurative devices in this novel deviate the meaning from its conventional process of understanding and pave the way for the formation of meaning suppression. The devices to be discussed in this article are metaphor, metonymy, irony and euphemism each of which play their roles in fulfilling the goal of the study. The study, by bringing evidence from the text, highlights their contribution to the goal of the research. What the study proposes as a result is the way meaning suppression or more specifically, the unreliability of the narrator and the figurative language, deviate the meaning from the normal process of meaning formation.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/166
2021-06-02T04:14:05Z
LA:Art
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/166
2021-06-02T04:14:05Z
Language Art
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021): Coming soon!
“The Intentional Fallacy”, itself a Fallacy: a Critique of Wimsatt and Beardsley’s “The Intentional Fallacy”
Khosravi, Sareh; PhD student in English Language and Literature, University of Tehran
Barekat, Behzad
2021-06-02
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/166
Intentional Fallacy, Authorial Intention, New Criticism, Verbal meaning, Language.
en_US
Abstract
This research aims to highlight the falsities of William K. Wimsatt and Monroe C. Beardsley’s article “The Intentional Fallacy” (1946). These two New Critics believe that the intention of the author should not be considered when judging the text because the intention of the author is neither available nor desirable. The present research questions two of their claims: that the intention is something separate from the textual meaning and that the authorial intention is private and biographical while the poem is public. To refute their claims, the research employs E.D. Hirsch’s concept of verbal meaning. Verbal meaning is simply a special kind of intentional object which he considers to be synonymous with textual meaning. The study goes beyond Hirsch’s ideas and claims that from the moment the author transfers his intention, through language, to the text, it is no longer an intention but the object. Language, according to the New Critics is a proper and reliable medium, so when Wimsatt and Beardsley question the authorial intention, they are actually questioning the very notion of language. Their second claim, that is the private nature of the author’s intention, will be rejected by borrowing T.S. Eliot’s analogy of the poet to a catalyst. Eliot shows that the poet does not include his/her personality traits in the poem. The achievement of this study is a new view toward the authorial intention, a view which is not based on personal and biographical factors but on verbal factors.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/167
2020-07-25T06:50:10Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/167
2020-07-25T06:50:10Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): Language Art; 103-118
NLization with EUGENE: A UNL Approach
Nabi, Sumaira; Ph.D in Linguistics, Assistant professor (contractual) National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.
Wani, Neelofar Hussain; Assistant Professor, Department of English, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
2020-05-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/167
UNL
NLizing
Kashmiri Language
en_US
“Universal Networking Language is a computer language created to represent and process information across language barriers (Uchida, et al., 2001).” The process of text conversion and text deconversion is carried out by two components of the UNL system i.e. IAN (Interactive Analyzer) and EUGENE (Deep to Surface Structure Generator). The purpose of the present work is to implement the EUGENE tool for NLizing the UCA-1 corpus (corpus available at www.unlweb.net). This work is a first serious attempt to incorporate Kashmiri language in the UNL, thus paving a way for the development of a Machine Translation System for Kashmiri language.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/168
2020-03-31T10:11:15Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/168
2020-03-31T10:11:15Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Language Art; 55-74
On Linguistic Terminology and the Challenges of Scientific Communication
حنون, مبارک; Professor of Linguistics, Qatar University, Qatar
2020-02-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/168
Linguistic Term, Concept, Signification, Morphology, Specialized Language, Borrowing.
ar_IQ
It is well established that linguistic terminology is a “professional” or “specialized” language whose inadequacy at the conceptual, morphological and syntactic levels results in communication failure. This is due to the fact that the delivery of scientific knowledge requires the integrity of the relevant terms used. Studies have shown that specialized language constitutes eighty percent of scientific texts. If there is a problem in this language related to the make-up of the technical term, then scientific communication is not achieved. However, this does not mean that the problem is only a technical one, though it is. Rather, there are objective and subjective factors involved in the options and policies that have been pursued by Arab countries in the field of education and research, as well as the implications of social, cultural and cognitive failures, avoidance of institutionalized work, negligence of building an independent state, inadequate understanding of linguistic theories and approaches, and the poor development of Arabic in the field of terminology. This necessitates a review of the linguistics promoted in academia, subjecting it to scientific scrutiny, with view to correcting its defective aspects, introducing other theories that are suitable to the reality of our situation, and opening them to social spaces to contribute to comprehensive development, which would constitute the pillar of a societal project in this regard.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/169
2020-03-31T10:11:15Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/169
2020-03-31T10:11:15Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Language Art; 75-88
Drawing as an Expressive Activity: The Theoretical Foundation and Application in Psychology
زغبوش, بنعيسى; Qatar University
لمقدم, عبد العزيز; University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah
سويرتي, زهير; University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah
2020-02-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/169
Drawing, Flexibility, Cultural Constraints, Neurological Restrictions
ar_IQ
Through this article, we will address the activity of drawing as an expressive activity that refers to the emotional, cognitive and kinetic dimensions, through the presentation of the most important theories that were performed by the pioneers, which marked the beginning of new perceptions that went beyond the classical view that is a universal activity. Besides, we target to highlight that drawing is governed by cultural and neurological constraints, as well as by other variables such as age and sex. The most important conclusions are: the expression by painting is governed by universal requirements, influenced by cultural peculiarities, as well as age and gender variables. Hence, its adoption in clinical or educational practice must be very careful and based on drawing studies according to the cultural context.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/170
2020-06-01T12:52:20Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/170
2020-06-01T12:52:20Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Language Art; 39-54
Verbs Application Range in Marzbān-Nāmeh (Variety of Meaning, Light Verbs and Arabic Root Nouns Completing the Meaning of the Light Verbs)
صادقی امین, مهدی; MA of Persian Language and Literature from Shiraz University
2020-02-29
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/170
Marzbān-nāmeh, Verbs' Meanings Range, Less Applied Verbs, Variety of Verbs’ Meanings.
fa_IR
Persian prose is developed in line with poetry in 12th and 13th centuries and reaches its climax. At this time Marzbān-nāmeh which was translated and edited by great writer Sadedin Varavini and has always been welcomed by all the literature fans deserves high consideration in different aspects. Verb has special importance in linguistic examinations because it is the center of gravity and the most important part of sentence and the only element indicating the role-played by other elements. In this study some of the most important verbal functions and most frequent verbs in Marzbān-nāmeh were examined including variety of the verbs' meanings and special functions. The study findings indicate the verbs are used vastly in Marzbān-nāmeh and the writer has benefited from many occasions to neutralize the verbs' monotony and repetition in his work; so he has used many words to have variety of light verbs. The most usable light verb is “To do” in Persian and may be accompanied by different nouns to create a phrasal verb. About 22 percent of Arabic nouns completing the light verbs are with Persian light verbs to create phrasal verbs.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/171
2020-07-25T06:31:33Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/171
2020-07-25T06:31:33Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): Language Art; 7-30
Song of the Seas
مختاری, مسروره; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
مهری, بهروز; PhD student in Persian language and literature, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
2020-05-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/171
Akhavan-Sales, Shamlou, Symbol, Sign, Social Symbolism.
fa_IR
Literature is a combination of fact and fiction which is uttered in the form of a language. The symbol as the most fathomless literary layer of fiction has been regarded since fore times. Meanwhile, the influence of symbolism, following French literature, on Iranian contemporary literature specifically on poetic works of Mehdi Akhavan-Sales and Ahmad Shamlo is an undeniable fact. With regard to this fact, the present inquiry is meant to assess indiscriminately the creativity power of these two poets in the realm of symbolism. This way enables us to enlighten the controversy among proponents of these two poets and about their places and their levels of poetry. This research reveals their conformity with Nima, and French symbolism, they have poetically depicted their own contemporary political occurrences. Despite the frequency of personal symbols and the type of language on their works (with regard to the applied formal, academic or colloquial languages) which have emphasis on special symbolic images (hyper symbolic) and …, there are also considerable differences between them. It should be noted; symbolization is some part of poets' strength and to evaluate it meticulously we have to ponder other intellectual and lingual capabilities of these two poets. Therefore, with regard to those findings we can utter speeches in favor and priority of one to another.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/172
2020-07-25T06:41:04Z
LA:Art
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v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/172
2020-07-25T06:41:04Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): Language Art; 69-84
A Critique on the Book of ‘hediye Jān’
حیدریان, اکبر; PhD student of Persian language and literature, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2020-05-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/172
Khagani's Poems, Descriptions, Criticisms, hediye Jān.
fa_IR
This article is about critical review of the Book of ‘hediye Jān’ (A Report on Stories of Divan of Khaghani Shirvani) by Dr. Ata Mohammad Radmanesh. In this paper, we will show that for some reasons, such as lack of research in the history of the research, tolerance and latitude, the failure to cite all references and misunderstandings of parts of the text, the present text is not reliable and its shortcomings needs to be revised and redefined to increase its richness. Also, since this book of has been prepared to explain a number of Khaghani odes, it is necessary to study this book parallel to the other one; therefore, in the first part of the article, we review the book and the field of critique of structure and in the second part of the criticizing of describing the content of the book has been considered and then the shortcomings of each one has been examined.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/175
2020-07-25T06:45:53Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/175
2020-07-25T06:45:53Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): Language Art; 85-102
Word Order: Merge or Externalisation?
المكّي, سميّة; Assistant Professor, College of Arts and sciences- Arabic Language Departement, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
2020-05-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/175
Word Order, Merge, Externalization, Computational System, Sensorimotor System, Valuation.
ar_IQ
The word order phenomenon and its various derivations has been of most interest for the generative theory which was keen on identifying the different grammatical computations explaining it. As such, in the frame of Government and Binding theory, the –X’ theory established its technical conception of the structure on the basis that SVO is a universal order inherent in Universal Grammar. However, the Generative Theory soon rejected this conception under the Minimalist program by assuming that the system is blind to word order and that diversity in order is not derived from Universal Grammar, it is rather a characteristic of external cognitive systems. In fact, the structures are merged in a free way in the computational system, then, they come out in the sensory motor system in different patterns according to the different data provided in each experiment. In this general theoretical framework, this work is meant to investigate the computations that generate word order in human languages, and, to show in the process, that the generative conception gives rise to an intricate technical problem that assumes, on the one hand, free merge computations, and on the other hand, linking diversity to the featural valuation procedure. In fact, from a technical standpoint, I noticed that within the Minimalist Program, we are bound to adopt a universal word order right starting from the computational system from which are derived the patterns of order observed in human languages because every processing of word order requires a computational departure from a ready-made syntactic structure.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/176
2020-10-09T21:56:12Z
LA:Art
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v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/176
2020-10-09T21:56:12Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2020): Language Art; 7-26
The Use of the Persoa in the Poetry of Abdul Wahab Al-Bayati and Mehdi Akhavan-Sales
رحمانی, اسحق; Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, IRI
متحد, شیوا; Ph.D. of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2020-09-01
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/176
The Mask, Bayati, Akhavan Sales, Making Myths
fa_IR
The Mask is one of the particular techniques of contemporary poets in Arabic literature, the poet uses it to hide behind the mask of historical, political, social or religious geniuses to express his concerns. In spite of that the mask is special for Arabic poems but this techniques has several instances in Persian poems. This study has investigated this technique in the poems of, Abdolvahab Albayati & Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, two current poets of Iraq and Iran; At the end proves that proximity of Iran and Iraq and The same social and political atmosphere and the same events that two communities have passed, has The same effects on the views and thoughts of these two poet so that both of them have benefited the same style to describe what they passed.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/177
2020-07-25T06:38:23Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/177
2020-07-25T06:38:23Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): Language Art; 49-68
Artistic Collocation of the Word in Hafez's Verses
سلیمی, حسین; Assistant Professor in Persian Language and Literature, Khalij Fars University, Boshehr, Iran.
وحیدی, احمدنور; Assistant Professor of Higher Education Complex of Saravan
2020-05-31
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/177
Hafez, Speech Engineering, Poetry, Seyed Mohammad Rastgou.
fa_IR
Hafez's linguistic and rhetorical skills in his poetry have led the audience to his poetry, appropriate to the level and extent of his emotions, feelings, and knowledge of the linguistic and semantic layers of their vocabulary and their artistic and contextual connection, interpretations and meanings. Pulling many different from his poetry and thereby achieving greater enjoyment and artistic enjoyment. Hafez himself, of course, with his great knowledge and aristocracy of language and his various capacities, has been instrumental in the selection and companionship of words based on their artistic and semantic links. However, in many cases, the author's in many cases, plays the role of the reader. Poetry is undeniable in the discovery and extraction of the semantic and linguistic layers of their meticulous and solid musical words and links. One of the great scholars who has done detailed, in-depth and extensive studies in the field of Hafez, his poetry, language and thought and dedicated valuable work to the literary and scientific community in this difficult field, is Dr. Mohammad Rastgou, who has authored and his research has always been and remains a pioneer in the field of linguists and researchers, in particular hieroglyphics and ontology. This article seeks to endorse Dr. Rastgou's explanations and material in connection with Hafez's artistic practices, and further points to complement and explain the greater artistic capacities of Hafez's poetry, and especially those in question. The research method is documentary.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/179
2020-10-09T21:56:12Z
LA:Art
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v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/179
2020-10-09T21:56:12Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2020): Language Art; 55-66
Manifestations of the influence of hadith in the Divan of Kamal al-Din Isfahani
دهقانی, هوشمند; PhD of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
محمدبیگی, شاهرخ; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University
2020-09-01
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/179
Hadithes, Prophetic, Holy, Influence, Kamal al-Din Isfahani.
fa_IR
A brief look at the works of Persian poetry and prose shows the great and deep-rooted influence of the Qur'an and Hadith in it. Kamal al-Din's Ismail Isfahani is one of the poets whose influence from the Qur'an and hadith can be seen in the dawn of his speech. This research has been done with the aim of studying the methods of Kamal al-Din being influenced by the prophetic and holy hadithes. An analysis of Kamal al-Din's poems concludes that he has used hadithes in various ways from the influence of words, propositions, reports, inspirational-fundamental, allusive and multifaceted; In addition to blessing and healing the hadithes, he should also reveal his art and grace and give more richness and depth to his words.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/180
2021-06-01T03:08:25Z
LA:Art
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v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/180
2021-06-01T03:08:25Z
Language Art
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021): Language Art; 75-90
A Survey of Part of Speech Tagging of Latin and non-Latin Script Languages: A more vivid view on Persian
Moghadam, Meisam; Fasa University
Jafarpour, Niloufar; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
2021-02-28
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/180
Part of Speech Tagging, Latin Script Language, Non-Latin Script language, RTL system, Persian Language
en_US
This research is a general overview of the Latin script languages part of speech (POS) tagging with a specific focus on the non-Latin script languages, especially Persian. The study reviews the progress in POS tagging among the 23 highest native spoken languages in the world. Some of these languages follow the right-to-left (RTL) writing system such as Arabic, Urdu and Persian which have their own specific issues in POS tagging. This paper also goes through the issues and challenges which occurs during the tokenization and part of speech tagging of these languages. The challenges can be common between the languages or be specified to one. The Persian Language is chosen as the main interest of this paper and an attempt is made to critically overview the recent studies on Persian part of speech tagging and enumerate the specific challenges occurring in these studies. Reviewing the bulk of literature and examining the features, challenges, issues, and POS tagging tools in Persian, it was concluded that significant challenges of the researches on Persian were generally in the tokenization level and mostly as a result of using the Arabic script and its characteristics.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/181
2020-10-09T21:56:12Z
LA:Art
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v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/181
2020-10-09T21:56:12Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2020): Language Art; 81-96
Symbol in Ali Fouda's Poetry
میرقادری, سید فضل الله; Professor, College of Literature and humanities- Arabic Language Departement, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
جلیلي, محمد حسن; PhD. College of Literature and humanities, Arabic Language Departement, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
زیبنده, مرضیه; Master of Arabic Language, College of Literature and Humanities- Arabic Language Departement, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2020-09-01
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/181
symbol, poetry, Ali Fouda, Palestanian.
ar_IQ
Symbol is a means of expression, indirectly, feelings and opinions and things and constituents and thoughts and emotions and cultures, and that the use of the symbol remains closely linked to the imagination of man's consciousness and spiritual and mental tendencies, where it become a way to express all aspects of human activity, intellectual and cultural expression of life and actuality indirectly and technically, to explain about life and to reveal the realities and what the poet can not be proclaimed or declared his thoughts to obligate colonialism and occupation to resort to code poetry or prose, and many Palestinian poets chose this method to express through it their issues and their concerns and their ideas about the Palestinian people Championship and his prowess in defending its land and its homeland and its resistance to the enemy with determination and strength and persistence and a challenge to extract the right and the return of the homeless Palestinian people to Ordah. One of these poets, martyr Palestinian poet, Ali Fouda, used symbols in his poetry. This research discusses about in the poetry of Palestinian poet Ali Fouda through curriculum descriptive and analytical manners and poet is taking his symbols from various images as the nature, the legend, the animals, the colors, the persons.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/184
2020-10-09T21:56:12Z
LA:Art
driver
v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/184
2020-10-09T21:56:12Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2020): Language Art; 27-54
The Manifestation of the Quranic Language in the Poems of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi
وحیدی, احمدنور; Assistant Professor in Persian Language and Literature, Higher Educational Complex Of Saravan, Saravan, Iran.
حیدری, حسن; MA of Tarbiat Dabir Shahid Rajaei University, Iran.
سام خانیانی, محمدجواد; PhD of Persian Language and Literature Department, University of Guilan, Iran.
2020-09-01
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/184
Amir Khosrow Dehlavi, Quranic Verses, Allusions, Intimation, Pastiche, Nizamuddin Awliya, Chishtiyeh, India
fa_IR
If we want to mention the various uses that Muslim speakers and writers - especially Iranians - have made of the Qur'an and the hadithes of the infallible, we must write a novel period of meaning and expression, because almost none of the discussions of meanings and expressions and verbal industries. And the original spirituality cannot be mentioned that the scholars of Tazi and Persian literature have not mentioned an example of the Holy Quran and the hadith of the Holy Prophet and the words of the infallible Imams. Well-known poets and writers of Persian literature have succeeded in embellishing and blessing some of their mental and intellectual leaks in the form of allusions, intimation, pastiche, and thus perpetuate those works. Undoubtedly, the secret of the immortality of the Persian language and literature is also in connection with the eternal meanings of the Qur'an. The Qur'an, this heavenly book, has added to the beauty of the poets' words and made it more beautiful and meaningful. Amir Khosrow Dehlavi (651-725 AH) is the most famous Persian poet of India, and the reflection of the Qur'an in his divan is very impressive. He also held important government positions in the court of Indian poets and emirs, and was one of those who belonged to the Chishtiyya dynasty and He served him for Nizamuddin Awliya from a young age, who was one of the famous elders of Delhi at that time. He has left many poetic and prose works in Persian in the land of India, in which in addition to showing the beauties of the Persian language, he has also addressed Quranic verses and allusions and prophetic hadithes. In this research, an attempt is made to show the reflection of Quranic verses in the poems of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi.
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/185
2021-02-09T20:14:20Z
LA:Art
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v2
https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/185
2021-02-09T20:14:20Z
Language Art
Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020): Language Art; 35-56
The Image of Imam Ali (A.S) in Persian Language and Literature
طالب زاده, سکینه; PhD Student of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
محمدبیگی, شاهرخ; Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
2020-11-30
"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
url:https://www.languageart.ir/index.php/LA/article/view/185
Ali (A.S), Poetry, Persian Literature.
fa_IR
Among the infallibles (A.S), the high and heavenly personality of Imam Ali (A.S) has had a profound effect on the souls and lives of noble and righteous people; because the spiritual and personality dimension of this Imam is beyond time and place. In the meantime, traditional and modern poets and writers have had the most enjoyment of this effect and have left their love and affection in the form of original poems and prose. In the article, first this issue is addressed among both groups of poets, then in a library research and based on the technique of describing and analyzing the content, an attempt is made to address some of the recurring themes in Persian poetry and literature about the pious master. This study shows the personality of the Mawla-ye Mottaqian (A.S), behavioral and internal characteristics, temperament, some important historical events of his life, his blessed birth, Ghadir Khumm, Laylat al-Mabīt, their relationship with the Prophet, their position in the Qur'an, their martyrdom and ... is one of the most important themes that is more prominent in the poetry of poets.
43f1391c074a199db892f02458078dc5