التَّأْصِيلُ اللِّسَانِيُّ لِخِطَابِ الْكَرَاهِيَّة: دِرَاسَةٌ تَحْلِيلِيَّة فِي اَلْمُنْجَز اَلْحُقُوقِيِّ

المؤلفون

  • مریم أقـرين أستاذة اللسانيات واللغة العربية، قسم اللّغة والأدب العربيّ، جامعة محمد خيضر بسكرة، بسكرة، الجزائر.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22046/LA.2023.22

الكلمات المفتاحية:

خطاب، الكراهية، الجريمة، التحليل اللساني، الفئات المهمّشة، كثافة الخطاب

الملخص

يستهدف خطاب الكراهية فئات محددة وأقليات، مما يجعله إشكالية ملحة في ظل الاضطرابات السياسية والاقتصادية العالمية. يتجلى هذا الخطاب في استخدام لغة مهينة لتجريد من يختلفون فكرياً من إنسانيتهم وتشويه سمعتهم. وتكمن خطورته في قدرته على الانتشار، ونشر التعصب والكراهية، مما يؤدي غالباً إلى سلوك عدواني يترجم إلى مآسٍ شخصية أو فضائع جماعية. ورغم الغموض والجدل المحيط بالمصطلح، وعدم وجود تعريف قانوني محدد، فإنه يشير اليوم إلى طيف واسع من السلوكيات، من الكلام المزعج المتسامح معه إلى الأفعال المجرّمة جزائياً. من هذا المنطلق، تهدف هذه الورقة إلى تحليل معمق لهذه الظاهرة من خلال مقاربة متعددة التخصصات، تسعى لتأصيل المفهوم في سياقيه اللغوي والقانوني. وتهدف إلى تقديم دليل منهجي لرسم حدود فاصلة بين "خطاب الكراهية" و"جريمة الكراهية" عبر تحليل المعايير اللغوية السائدة. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن مشاعر الكراهية بحد ذاتها ليست جريمة، بل إن أساس التجريم يرتبط بالبعد الرمزي للخطاب، حيث أن الجاني يبعث برسالة إقصائية لا للضحية المباشرة فحسب، بل للمجتمع الذي تنتمي إليه أيضاً. وقدمت الدراسة مقياساً دلالياً هرمياً لتحليل "شدة" و"كثافة" الخطاب، معتبرة أن جرائم الكراهية هي "جرائم رسائل" تهدف إلى ترسيخ "الآخرية" والتأثير على تنظيم الفئات الاجتماعية المهمشة. 

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التنزيلات

منشور

2023-11-30

كيفية الاقتباس

أقـرين م. (2023). التَّأْصِيلُ اللِّسَانِيُّ لِخِطَابِ الْكَرَاهِيَّة: دِرَاسَةٌ تَحْلِيلِيَّة فِي اَلْمُنْجَز اَلْحُقُوقِيِّ. هنر زبان, 8(4), 71–96. https://doi.org/10.22046/LA.2023.22

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